Cigarette Ad Essay -- essays research papers

Smoking Your Health AwayPuff, puff, puff . . . ummm the cool fresh taste of smoke in your lungs. Doesnt that taste good Well, depending to whom you talk to, a variety of answers are possible. It is interesting though, that we, as a gild, actually are still deceived into believe the fictive promises of happiness and bliss from smoking cigarettes. In our society people still deny and forget the fact that smoking causes lung cancer and directly kills over a million people every year, and that is just what tobacco advertisement departments would like to have you forget. Nowadays, advertising has become a major part of American society today. Everywhere you go there is advertising to be seen and absorbed by the consumer population. Nowadays, every company has a specific company inside the big backup thats sole purpose it to come up with interesting and new ways to promote its product. One industry that has been under fire for the types of advertising do during the last ten years is t he tobacco industry. Major tobacco companies, specifically the R.J. Reynolds and Laramie corporations, spend millions of dollars each and every year, selectively advertising to older audiences in the Camel ad and to people who are socially active like the ones in the Newport ad, by intentionally using popular icons like Joe Camel and American motifls like the red, white, and blue gloss in the Camel ad, and by using human emotions like desire and popularity that everyone can relate to as found in the Newport ad, all in an attempt to distribute a specific idea . . . cigarettes are pleasurable and enjoying to smoke. In the advertisement put out by the R.J. Reynolds Company showcasing its Camel cigarettes, the attempt is made to seduce the customers into believing that it is hip and cool to smoke cigarettes. The first thing you notice in this particular advertisement is the large puffy red Afro donned by the man utterly centered in the ad. He seems to be a throwback to the seventies when there was a collective feeling of freedom and invincibility enjoyed by the early days growing up in that era. It seem this man is living a surreal world full of bliss and happiness. His long smooth sideburns, small prospering sunglasses tinted with a fresh color of purple, and attention-grabbing starred blue suede shirt with the leather pul... ...sements have a very cunning way of anticipating and targeting what physique of person the company wants to carry on the tradition of smoking cigarettes. In the Camel ad, they concept is mixing the old with the new, while in the Newport ad the whole idea is having fun and being part of a larger group. Also, both of the ads use specific coloring to enhance the product. The American red, white, and blue in the Camel ad, and the trademark discolour in the Newport ad. It is also interesting to compare what the Camel ad has that the Newport ad does not. For one the Camel advertisement actually has a man smoking a cigarette in the ad in comparison to no cigarette shown in the Newport ad. Also, on the Camel ad it is noticeable that there is a surgeon generals warning on the merchantman left corner of the ad, informing people on the risks of smoking cigarettes. This is not found anywhere on the ad for the Newport cigarettes and possibly lets the prospective consumer be at ease not seeing the awful risks of smoking and what it actually does to people. Finally, in comparing both of these advertisements, both of them are effective ads that clearly convey the intend ideas of both companies, respectively.

Tragic Differences :: essays research papers

Tragedy has always been a popular national in stories and plays. For centuries, people have been entranced by morbidly emotional finales, rather than by happy hold onings. Stories with a sad outcome fascinate us much more than those, ending on a happy note. Many of the best works of literature are considered to be tragedies. Shakespeare would be a immaculate example of a man who had compose many delightful comedies yet, he was more famous for his grave tragedies. People seem to be more machine-accessible to something that disturbs them and leaves them uneasy, rather than to something frivolous and amusing. Maybe, it is because tragedies can be very didactic. Maybe, by studying typical causes of tragedy, a person can prevent it from happening in his or her personal life. It is much easier to learn something from somebody elses mistakes than from your own. So it is possible that people who really enjoy tragedy do not really enjoy it, just use it to prevent their future misfortun es, if on that point are any. Otherwise, how can someone enjoy the pain and the suffering of others? alone like everything else tragedy has laws. One of the laws is Hubris.A Rose for Emily, by William Faulkner, can intimately be classified as a tragedy. It is a repulsive story about a charwoman, who died just as she lived lonely. Emily Grierson was a peculiar woman, who owned a large house, which was a mystery to many people. She never had any real friends and she never had a spouse. And when she started seeing a man, Homer Barron, everybody was assured that she would marry him. entirely Mr. Barron was as queer as Ms. Grierson was, so their melding was very unlikely. When she had first begun to be seen with Homer Barron, we had said, She will marry him. hence we said, She will persuaded him yet, because homer himself had remarked &8211 he like men, and it was known that he drank with the younger men in the Elks Club &8211 that he was not a marrying man. (Faulkner 280) Poor wo man probably never even had the chance. But shortly after the two had been acquainted, Homer disappeared, and the woman became even more alienated, until she stopped coming out of her mysterious house at all. At the end of the story, we are told that the disintegrating carcass of Mr. Barron was found in Emilys house in the room that had been locked for years.Tragic Differences essays research papers Tragedy has always been a popular theme in stories and plays. For centuries, people have been captivated by morbidly emotional finales, rather than by happy endings. Stories with a sad outcome fascinate us much more than those, ending on a happy note. Many of the best works of literature are considered to be tragedies. Shakespeare would be a perfect example of a man who had written many delightful comedies yet, he was more famous for his grave tragedies. People seem to be more attached to something that disturbs them and leaves them uneasy, rather than to something frivolous and amus ing. Maybe, it is because tragedies can be very didactic. Maybe, by studying typical causes of tragedy, a person can prevent it from happening in his or her personal life. It is much easier to learn something from someone elses mistakes than from your own. So it is possible that people who really enjoy tragedy do not really enjoy it, but use it to prevent their future misfortunes, if there are any. Otherwise, how can someone enjoy the pain and the suffering of others? But like everything else tragedy has laws. One of the laws is Hubris.A Rose for Emily, by William Faulkner, can easily be classified as a tragedy. It is a repulsive story about a woman, who died just as she lived lonely. Emily Grierson was a peculiar woman, who owned a large house, which was a mystery to many people. She never had any real friends and she never had a spouse. And when she started seeing a man, Homer Barron, everybody was assured that she would marry him. But Mr. Barron was as queer as Ms. Grierson was, so their melding was very unlikely. When she had first begun to be seen with Homer Barron, we had said, She will marry him. Then we said, She will persuaded him yet, because homer himself had remarked &8211 he liked men, and it was known that he drank with the younger men in the Elks Club &8211 that he was not a marrying man. (Faulkner 280) Poor woman probably never even had the chance. But shortly after the two had been acquainted, Homer disappeared, and the woman became even more alienated, until she stopped coming out of her dusky house at all. At the end of the story, we are told that the disintegrating carcass of Mr. Barron was found in Emilys house in the room that had been locked for years.

Essay --

Junk Food Should Be Banned At all in all Outlets In The UAEMore than 72 McDonalds restaurants in the United Arab Emirates itself, and over 29 KFCs, only goes to reflect the popularity of junk nutriment all over the world. Food that is fain and served quickly is termed as fast viands. Such type of food suits perfectly into the fast paced life of a working respective(prenominal). There is nothing more than ready-made food that a hard-working professional living in the city away from family could ask for. However, those who are against junk food highlight the adverse effect that it has on our health. despite all the debate astir(predicate) the advantages and disadvantages of fast food, the industry is flourishing. Is junk food good or bad? The most evident advantage of junk food is that it saves snip, taste good, cheap, and you can eat it in few minutes, there is no need to wash dishes because its comes with plastics or paper food, also you can eat them anywhere and even standi ng. There is nothing better than getting a ready meal. No matter how much the chefs praise the benefits of fresh food, at the end of a hard-working day, when one returns home all tired and hungry, a pizza or a burger can be enough to stop his hunger. Besides the time an individual has to spend in the kitchen, cooking a meal also requires one to make a trip to the supermarket to buy the ingredients for the dish. Then there is the added effort and time consumed in washing and peeling the vegetables. All this makes eating fast food score more preferably over cooking a meal for a busy individual.Besides time, cost saving gives fast food an edge over the meal prepared in the kitchen. If one lives alone, then it is cheaper to buy a meal at the supermarket instead of cooking it at home. Also c... ...re their experiences. However, the junk food centers are quickly eating into this quality time. This is especially true about youngsters for whom a junk food center is a good place to hang out with friends.Finally, in my opinion junk food must be banned in all outlets in the UAE, because junk food is not good at all as I wrote above, it makes people rely on the ready male and their health give be weak and also will increase their risk of being obese as their body will use the desired number of calories. In addition the women will forget how to cook and this will affect their relationship with their husbands and their children, this is a reason of divorce for the oversight of the wife. References-http//www.albayan.ae/economy/1265974470599-2010-03-02-1.224419http//healthmeup.com/photogallery-healthy-living/reasons-why-fast-food-is-bad-for-health/16239

Flat Tax :: Essays Papers

Flat TaxLets Hear it for the Flat TaxDo you forecast we should abolish the Internal Revenue Service? If you were to ask your family, friends and neighbors, you would get a resounding YES That was my outcome when I, as an income value preparer, surveyed my clients as well as my family, friends and neighbors. The comments ran from Its too complex, Its unfair to They are too powerful. Not one individual was happy with the tax code as it before long stands. That is not to say people do not inadequacy to pay their fair share. They just want an easier, fairer way to do it. To prove the complexity of the IRS Code, silver Magazine asked fifty tax experts to gauge hypothetical familys tax liability each grade from 1988 through 1992 and published the results in their March issues. The scoop up years result was 1990 when only 48 of the responses were incorrect. If a tax expert could not figure the liability properly how can anyone expect the prevalent taxpayer to do it? The solution quite possibly is the Flat Tax.What pull up stakes the Flat Tax do for us? The current proposed tax rate of 17% for totally income will be more fair. It is much simpler the tax return for an individual and a business will be postcard size both having only ten lines on them. The proposed planar tax eliminates the tax at a personal level for interest, dividends and detonating device gains as well as allowing businesses to deduct detonating device assets in the year of purchase. Currently a capital asset is expensed by taking depreciation everywhere the useful life of the item. Many economists believe these features in the flat tax will stimulate economic growth. According to the Bureau of matter Affairs Banking narration Some 55 percent of the 156 analysts polled by the National Association of Business Economist think the economy would benefit from some type of flat tax Compliance is the final benefit of the flat tax. in that respect will be a higher c ompliance in filing and paying Federal Income Tax. The flat tax removes the three primary excuses for non-compliance the complexity, low likeliness of being caught and fact that the current system seems to favor special interests at my expense.Flat Tax Essays PapersFlat TaxLets Hear it for the Flat TaxDo you think we should abolish the Internal Revenue Service? If you were to ask your family, friends and neighbors, you would get a resounding YES That was my outcome when I, as an income tax preparer, surveyed my clients as well as my family, friends and neighbors. The comments ran from Its too complex, Its unfair to They are too powerful. Not one person was happy with the tax code as it currently stands. That is not to say people do not want to pay their fair share. They just want an easier, fairer way to do it. To prove the complexity of the IRS Code, Money Magazine asked fifty tax experts to figure hypothetical familys tax liability each year from 1988 through 1992 and p ublished the results in their March issues. The best years result was 1990 when only 48 of the responses were incorrect. If a tax expert could not figure the liability properly how can anyone expect the everyday taxpayer to do it? The solution quite possibly is the Flat Tax.What will the Flat Tax do for us? The current proposed tax rate of 17% for all income will be more fair. It is much simpler the tax return for an individual and a business will be postcard size both having only ten lines on them. The proposed flat tax eliminates the tax at a personal level for interest, dividends and capital gains as well as allowing businesses to deduct capital assets in the year of purchase. Currently a capital asset is expensed by taking depreciation over the useful life of the item. Many economists believe these features in the flat tax will stimulate economic growth. According to the Bureau of National Affairs Banking Report Some 55 percent of the 156 analysts polled by the National Association of Business Economist think the economy would benefit from some type of flat tax Compliance is the final benefit of the flat tax. There will be a higher compliance in filing and paying Federal Income Tax. The flat tax removes the three primary excuses for non-compliance the complexity, low likelihood of being caught and fact that the current system seems to favor special interests at my expense.

Plagiarism and Computers :: Cheating Education Essays

Plagiarism and Computersmissing works cited What is Plagiarism?Plagiarism is defined in the dictionary as appropriating as ones consume the writing, ideas, etc. of another. Plagiarism.org goes into more detail when it defines plagiarization as the improper use, or failure to attribute, another persons writing or ideas (intellectual property). It can be as subtle as the inadvertent neglect to include quotes or references when citing another source or as blatantly unethical as knowingly copy an entire paper verbatim and claiming it as your own work. I believe they make this longer definition on a web page because plagiarism has become a bigger problem since the creation of the Internet. The Internet is a fast easy way to cheat on papers and ideas. It is incredibly fair to download entire term papers for free or for a small fee. Sometimes you dont eat up to pay for a pad essay. Sometimes submitting your own essay is all you need to do to gain someone elses work. Term paper mills hav e become a popular activity among high school and college students. If you look up forgery-encouraging web pages, it is easy to see that there are many options for getting effortless nurture and material off of the Internet. What are the Consequences?The consequences of appropriation can be severe. Even on this papers guidelines, the punishment for plagiarism is either failing the tier or dismissal from the university, depending on the severity of the piracy. In several of my sortes, forgery results in failing the work that you plagiarized for. Many teachers do not suitably check for fraudulence in work. They dont feel that they have the time for checking each paper individually for copied information. I can understand how this would front more work than it is worth in most instances, but catching a few plagiarists per class and publicly punishing them would help maintain class integrity. The rest of the class would be forewarned against further cheating. Boston University has filed a lawsuit against a few of the Internet term paper companies. There is no procure that the university will win the lawsuit. It is quite a bit like the lawsuit Metallica filed against the piracy of the web program Napster. There was a lot of publicity well-nigh Napster because it was a file-sharing program that some artists claimed hurt their album sales. The sharing of music on the Internet paired with the new technology of CD burners can have an impact on the music market because people will burn their own CDs rather than paying the ridiculously high prices for them.

Plagiarism and Computers :: Cheating Education Essays

Plagiarism and Computersmissing works cited What is Plagiarism?Plagiarism is outlined in the dictionary as appropriating as ones stimulate the writing, ideas, etc. of another. Plagiarism.org goes into more detail when it defines plagiarism as the improper use, or failure to attribute, another persons writing or ideas (intellectual property). It can be as subtle as the inadvertent neglect to include quotes or references when citing another get-go or as blatantly unethical as knowingly copying an entire paper verbatim and claiming it as your own work. I believe they even off this longer definition on a web page because plagiarism has become a bigger problem since the creation of the Internet. The Internet is a refrain lenient way to cheat on papers and ideas. It is incredibly simple to download entire term papers for free or for a menial fee. Some snips you dont have to pay for a complete essay. Sometimes submitting your own essay is all you need to do to gain mortal elses work. Term paper mills have become a popular activity among high school and college students. If you look up forgery-encouraging web pages, it is easy to see that there are many options for getting effortless information and material off of the Internet. What are the Consequences?The consequences of appropriation can be severe. Even on this papers guidelines, the punishment for plagiarism is either failing the class or dismissal from the university, depending on the severity of the plagiarism. In several of my classes, forgery results in failing the work that you plagiarized for. Many teachers do not appropriately check for fraudulence in work. They dont feel that they have the time for checking each paper individually for copied information. I can understand how this would seem more work than it is worth in most instances, but catching a few plagiarists per class and publicly punishing them would help maintain class integrity. The rest of the class would be forewarned against further cheating. Boston University has filed a lawsuit against a few of the Internet term paper companies. There is no guarantee that the university will win the lawsuit. It is quite a bit like the lawsuit Metallica filed against the piracy of the web program Napster. There was a lot of publicity about Napster because it was a file-sharing program that some artists claimed hurt their album sales. The sharing of music on the Internet paired with the new technology of CD burners can have an impact on the music market because people will burn their own CDs rather than paying the ridiculously high prices for them.

Islamic Art Essay

To st craftistic creation this topic, the first question that arises in the capitulum is that what is artistry? Basic onlyy art is non a word, which has a specific definition, but in literal meanings art pile be defined as a spiritual guts of a human being, which he or she notes down in an artistic way. Art refers to creativity. Creativity is something precise similar to art. The human mind is a group of many ideas. These ideas when get note down delightfully on a piece of paper, it is called an art.An artwork is usually considered as a masterpiece when its concept reaches the mind of the people and it is considered as an appreciable piece of work among the people. Masterpieces of art are just not paintings but spray painting, wall painting and otherwise forms of art created for sortings are much appreciable. Islam is not alone a trust but it is a way to lead a happy life. Muslim culture and traditions extinguish its importance in the life of a person. Islam has always supported everything either it is of any field of battle.Today the topic is about arts in Islamic religion so an outlook on the past Mughal and Islamic rulers will serve the arts in Islam as a enceinte commodity. Islamic art is not only features which have been introduced to make charming mosques or tombs but in feature in true and literal meanings Islamic art is a beautiful creativity which is in every country conquered by Islamics in past centuries. Muslim art has been one of the wonderful one in the world. Islam is not only a religion but it is a pattern of life. It is a beautiful way of life through which every new aspect of creativity has been launched.The effort of Muslim art is not only extension in this field but to introduce new designs throughout the world and improve skills, which have been unsung since centuries. The newly conquered lands by the Muslims have many things old created by the Muslim rulers of past centuries. However, the architectures working there are right off working according to the Muslim motifs and strategy. It has been a fact in al well-nigh every era that Muslims have succeeded in every field of creativity and this can be seen in Agra. Taj Mahal is considered as one of the most beautiful monuments of the Sub continent.Taj Mahal was built by the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan for his beautiful wife Mumtaz Mahal. It is still recognized as one of the most beautiful monuments of the Sub continent. The grave of Mumtaz Mahal and Shah Jahan lies inside the Taj Mahal and the beautiful calligraphy and textile designing on the beautiful bluish tiles can be seen from inside. But something really drastic happened with the laborers who built Taj Mahal. According to resources some 22,000 laborers built it and after its completion the laborers lost their hands as Shah Jahan said that no body could be able to build such a beautiful monument.This incident rocked the world but still now the laborers are not valued for their creativity but S hah Jahan is praised for laying the rear end of such a beautiful monument. In the time of Muhammad the Arabs had little or no art of their own, but, in their conquest of Syria, Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Iran they adopted the highly developed art of these countries. It is known from literary sources that the caliphs of the Umayyad dynasty (661-749) requisitioned materials and craftsmen from all the provinces for the construction of new cities, palaces, and mosques.Byzantine and Syrian masochists were employed to decorate the mosque at Damascus, for which an Iranian was the chief architect. Artists from Egypt worked in Jerusalem, Damascus, and Mecca. (Dimand, 1947) It is a fact that Muslims in the beginning had no art of their own but soon as they started conquering other Muslim countries, they started introducing various forms of art and cultures adapted from other civilizations. Islamic art is basically an old art form, which started ruling the territories since seventh century.It r eached the minds and eyes of people when Muslim rulers of past started preaching of their wonderful ideas. The fields in Muslim arts contain ceramic painting, calligraphy, painting and architecture. There is a sort of unity among the Islamic arts and artists. The merchants, traders who buy the antique pieces created by Muslim artists of high quality have much more understanding with the consumers than any other buyer or sellers around the world. Moreover, the art of ornaments among Muslim craftsmen is an art of great joint sense and attention or concentration.Today, Muslim ornaments of past and present are valued most among the people. Muslim jewellery is much more appreciable than that of any other country. The most important feature in the classification of the Muslim art is architecture. Because of pious mosques and imambargahs the Muslim architectures have to work very hard on the designs and decoration motifs of the mosques they are building. Muslims have many beautiful mosque s and religious and visiting monuments on their credit such as the Great Mosque of Cordoba, noodle of the Rock mosque and the Taj Mahal.Apart all of that the religious places, such as Kahan-e-Kaaba and the Shrine of Hazrat Imam Hussain (A. S, whose dome is made of gold). Besides architecture another important and most valued feature in Islamic art is of calligraphy. Calligraphy plays an important role in the history of Islam. Islam values calligraphy both piously and artistically. artistically Muslim calligraphy is of high quality and piously it is used for writing the phrases of Quranic. Quranic verses when written through calligraphic wittings look more beautiful than ever.Besides all of these creations Islamic artists or craftsmen have been master in metal work and pottery making. The sand of nearly all-Muslim countries is very fertile being close to rivers and seas so pottery work is very courageous here and appreciated too. Metal making, carpet weaving and ceramic work are als o very common features in all of the Muslim countries especially in villages that is the reason why Muslim art is so much demanded in all of the foreign countries.Islamic Art is an illustrated history that takes a broad approach, covering architecture, crafts, and aesthetics as well as art in the narrow sense, and placing them within their social and historic context. It extends to around 1700, but does not cover the entire Islamic world, only the arid area from Morocco to Afghanistan. Mosques are central to Islamic architecture, but have by no means been static. Minarets may now be seen as entirely characteristic of Muslim religious architecture, but the very first mosques had none. Patronage was critical, and rulers often reworked earlier buildings, making major monuments architectural palimpsests. (Irwin, 1997) Islamic art has always been a way to enhance the skills of workers and people who work for the emendment of Islamic society. Islam is not just a religion but it is a pa tron to lead a happy life. Even today many visitors from foreign countries and people arouse in arts and crafts come to see the creativity or Muslim artists, who work according to the Islamic principles and bring out the designs of those Mughal Muslim rulers who have been now hidden under some old rocks.It can be said like that Removing the sand from old rocks. Conclusion Muslim art has been defined clearly. look into clearly shows that Muslim art is one of the most demanded and old forms of art in the world. Muslims has been working in this field since 7th century. However, when Muslims started conquering other states, they introduced new forms of art and craft there and now they are conquering the peaks of this creativity. Muslims and Islam has always guided people throughout their life in every field. Islam gives us better knowledge to lend a wise and proper life.Islam has given a perspective to us. Today if Muslims are reaching high in this creative field then it is just becau se of the principles of our prophets and the guidance of Islam. Following of Islamic principles can lend to live a better and happy life and through this one can be able to touch those peaks, which sometimes remained in just imaginations.References M. S. Dimand, (1947), A Handbook of Muhammadan Art, Hartsdale House. New York Robert Irwin. Irwin Islamic Art Art, Architecture and the Literary World. Laurence nance 1997.

Intrinsic and Extrinsic barriers Essay

Good morning to one and on the whole of you present, my task for today is to enlighten you ab go forth what inclusive Education is and what intrinsic and extrinsic barriers to learning and ripening be. One of the more challenges facing educational activity in post-apartheid South Africa is that of realising the constitutional values of equality, freedom from discrimination and the right to a basic education for all learners, including those who drive barriers to learning. Under apartheid, learners were not only educated wearly jibe to race, but a separate special education system served those learners with disabilities or impairments.To underwrite this and bring educational practice in South Africa into line with the international trend of including learners, who experience barriers to learning, in general or mainstream classes, South Africa has enacted legislation and conjecture policy which establishes an inclusive education system. Inclusion is broadly understood as the process by which learners who previously might have been taught in a separate special education system, because of the barriers to learning they experience, would now be taught in regular trains that have taken the responsibility of changing and improving to provide the admit requisite to facilitate access and participation.What is Inclusive Education?Inclusive education means that all students attend and are welcomed by their neighborhood directs in age-appropriate, regular classes and are supported to learn, contribute and introduce in all aspects of the life of the school. Inclusive education is about how we develop and design our schools, classrooms, programs and activities so that all students learn and participate together. Neighborhood schools are the heart of our communities, and Inclusion BC believes they are essential for a quality inclusive education system. Therefore we believe it is important to support a public education system in B.C. Inclusion in education is an approach to educating students with special educational needs. The Department of Basic Education is pull towards the building of an Inclusive Education system at all levels as outlined in Education White Paper 6Building an Inclusive Education System, 2001.Such an inclusive system will facilitate the inclusion of vulnerable learnersand reduce the barriers to learning, through targeted support structures and mechanisms that will improve the retention of learners in the education system, particularly learners who are prone to dropping out.Benefits of Inclusive EducationAll children benefit from inclusive education. It allows them to receive separate strengths and gifts, with high and appropriate expectations for all(prenominal) child. Work on individual goals while participating in the life of the classroom with other students their own age. Involve their parents in their education and in the activities of their local anaesthetic schools. Foster a school culture of respect and be longing. Inclusive education provides opportunities to learn about and accept individual differences, lessening the impact of harassment and bullying. Develop friendships with a wide variety of other children, each with their own individual needs and abilities. Positively affect both their school and community to appreciate variety show and inclusion on a broader level.Why is Inclusive Education Important?Its important because as South Africans, we value our diverse communities. These communities start at school, where all students learn to live alongside peers. They learn together they play together they grow and are nurtured together. Is inclusive education for everybody?The simple answer is YES. However, individual needs may mean that some students need to spend time out of regular class for a particular purpose. There are perpetually exceptions, but they are in fact EXCEPTIONS if needed, they are individualized in the students community school. What should I expect?You can exp ect the school to provide a plan to support teachers and students through good inclusive practices like collaboration, team work, innovative instructional practices, peer-strategies, and more. ************************************************************************************* We now move on to the spot part of the discussion what intrinsic and extrinsic barriers to learning and development are? Barriers to learningacknowledges that educational difficulties may arise from a number of sources, and may be intrinsic or extrinsic to learners.What is Intrinsic Barriers?Intrinsic barriers include physical, sensory, and neurological and developmental impairments, chronic illness, psycho-social disturbances and differing intellectual ability.What is Extrinsic Barriers?Extrinsic barriers are those factors that arise outback(a) the learner, but impact on his or her learning. They may arise from the family and its cultural, social and economic context and include lack of parental involvemen t in education and family troubles like divorce, death, and violence. Schools themselves may constitute barriers to learning when learners mother tongue is not used for teaching and learning and when schools are not safe. Therefore learners will experience barriers differently depending on the family of which they are a part, the extent to which their schools facilitate access and participation and the resources in the communities and societies in which they live.Support for learners who experience barriers to learning can be understood as all those actions that increase schools capacity for responding to diversity Inclusive practice is an important component of support and refers to strategies adopted, technical support provided, structures and procedures applied and actions carried out in the pursuit of including learners who experience barriers to learning. A focus on inclusive practice, while not denying the importance of inclusive culture and policy, ensures that attention is given to what is truly happening in schools, rather than wishful thinking or rhetoric about inclusion. Intrinsic factors born with problem-physical/physiological impairments that may become disabilities if auberge and the system of education do not make provision for these learners (impairments, genetic factors, brain damage) -personality factors, especially types of temperament and unsatisfied emotional needsExtrinsic factors problem not in learners self but in circumstances they grow up in-Environment unfavourable socioeconomic circumstances, urban areas (apartments, little supervision), rural environments (poor school attendance), prosperous areas (bored, drugs, pressure) -Education poor teaching (lack of qualifications, unmotivated or lazy), incomplete participation on the part of learners, inappropriate study material, inefficient school organisation, crowded classrooms -Language many learners taught in English (not home language), often the teachers cant speak proper En glish either. They perform poorly due to a lack of taste -Culture need to accommodate diff cultures, we learn, think and do things differently keep that in mind (religion, language, food, sense of humour) -Job prospects many learners leave schools but there is no jobs getable so they get depressed and discouraged = underachieve at schoolTo concludeSchools of a variety of classroom practices that acknowledge the diversity among learners and differentiate according to individual learning suggests that these practices should be encouraged in inclusive classrooms. In these ways, schools can learn from one another and can increase their repertoire of strategies that modify support, address barriers to learning and provide quality education for their learners. Thank you.

Blood Promise Chapter Six

I bolted upright, both part of me awake and alert. on that point were no city lights to shine through and through the window, and it took me several seconds to make out anything in the darkened room. Sydney was curled up in her own bed, her face unusually at peace as she slept.Where was the Strigoi? unimpeachably not in our room. Was it in the house? Every unrivaled had said the road to Dimitris town was dangerous. Still, I would have thought Strigoi would be going after Moroi and dhampirs-though humans were a big part of their diet too. Thinking of the nice couple whod welcomed us into their home, I felt something tight clench in my chest. No way would I let anything happen to them.Slipping quietly out of the bed, I grabbed a hold of my s make up and crept from the room without disturbing Sydney. No one else was awake, and as currently as I was in the living room, the nausea went away. Okay. The Strigoi wasnt inside, which was a good thing. It was outdoors, apparently on the sid e of the house near my room. Still moving silently, I went out the houses front door and walked around the corner, as quiet as the night around me.The nausea grew stronger as I approached the type B, and I couldnt help plainly olfactory modality smug. I was going to surprise this Strigoi whod thought it could sneak into a tiny human village for dinner. There. Right near the barns entrance, I could suffer a long shadow moving. Gotcha, I thought. I readied the stake and started to spring forward-And thusly something struck me on the shoulder.I stumbled, astonished, and looked into the face of a Strigoi. Out of the corner of my eye, I saw the shadow by the barn materialize into another Strigoi striding forward. Panic shot through me. There were two, and my secret detection system hadnt been able to rate the difference. Worse, theyd gotten the drop on me.A thought immediately flashed into my sound judgement What if ones Dimitri?It wasnt. At least, this close one wasnt. It was a w oman. I had yet to get a emotional state for the second one. That one was approaching from my other side, moving fast. I had to deal with this immediate threat, though, and swiped at the woman with my stake, hoping to wound her, but she dodged so quickly, I merely now saw her move. She struck out toward me in an almost casual way. I wasnt fast enough to react and went flying toward the other Strigoi-a guy who was not Dimitri.I responded quickly, leaping up and kicking him. I held the stake out, creating distance between us, but it did little good when the woman came up from behind and grabbed me, jerking my organic structure against hers. I gave a muffled cry and felt her hands on my throat. She was probably going to break my neck, I realized. It was a fast, easy technique for Strigoi that then let them drag off a victim for feeding.I struggled, jostling her hands slightly, but as the other Strigoi leaned oer us, I knew it was useless. Theyd surprised me. There were two of them. They were strong.Panic surged in me again, an overwhelming sense of fear and desperation. I was unnerved every time I fought Strigoi, but this fear was reaching a breaking point. It was unfocused and out of control, and I suspected it was touched by a bit of the madness and darkness Id absorbed from Lissa.The feelings exploded within me, and I wondered if theyd destroy me before the Strigoi did. I was in very real danger of dying here-of letting Sydney and the others get killed. The rage and distress of that thought were smothering.Then, suddenly, it was like the existence burst open. Translucent forms, glowing softly in the darkness, sprang up everywhere. Some looked like normal people. Others were horrible, their faces gaunt and skull-like. Ghosts. Spirits. They surrounded us, their presence making my hairsbreadth support on end and sending a splitting headache through my skull.The ghosts turned toward me. Id had this happen before, on a plane, when apparitions had swarmed and threatened to consume me. I set up myself, trying desperately to summon up the strength to build barriers that would shut me off from the spirit world. It was a skill Id had to learn, one I usually unploughed in place without any effort. The desperation and panic of this situation had cracked my control. In that horrible, blood-curdling moment, I again selfishly wished Mason hadnt found peace and left over(p) this world. I would have felt better if his ghost were here.Then I realized I wasnt their target.The ghosts were mobbing the two Strigoi. The spirits didnt have solid forms, but every place they touched and passed through me felt like ice. The female Strigoi immediately began waving her arms to fend the apparitions off, snarling in rage and something almost like fear. The ghosts didnt bet to be able to hurt the Strigoi, but they were apparently pretty annoying-and distracting.I staked the male Strigoi before he ever saw me coming. Immediately, the ghosts around him moved t o the woman. She was good, Id use her that. Despite struggling to fend the spirits off, she was still able to dodge my attacks fairly well. A lucky punch from her made stars burst before my eye and sent me into the barn wall. I still had that ghost-induced splitting headache, and my head slamming into the barn didnt help. Staggering up, dizzy, I made my way back to her and continued my efforts to get a shot in at her heart. She managed to keep her chest out of my range-at least until one particularly terrifying ghost caught her off guard. Her momentary distraction gave me my chance, and I staked her, too. She fell to the ground-leaving me alone with the spirits.With the Strigoi, the ghosts had clearly wanted to attack them. With me, it was a lot like on the plane. They seemed fascinated by me, desperate to get my attention. Only, with dozens of phantoms swarming, it business leader as well have been an attack.Desperately, I tried again to summon my walls, to block the ghosts off f rom me as Id done long ago. The effort was excruciating. Somehow, my out-of-control emotions had brought the spirits, and while I was calmer now, that control was harder to bring about. My head continued throbbing.Gritting my teeth, I focused every ounce of my strength into blocking out the ghosts.Go away, I hissed. I dont subscribe you anymore.For a moment, it looked like my efforts were going to be useless. Then, slowly, one by one, the spirits began to fade. I felt the control Id learned before gradually slip into place. Soon, there was nothing there but me, the darkness, and the barn-and Sydney.I noticed her just as I collapsed to the ground. She was running out of the house in her pajamas, face pale. Kneeling at my side, she helped me sit up, legitimate fear all over her. Rose Are you okay? I felt like every scrap of energy in my brain and body had been sucked out. I couldnt move. I couldnt think.No, I told her.And then I passed out.I woolgather of Dimitri again, his arms ar ound me and beautiful face leaning over me to care for me as hed done so often when I was sick. Memories of things past came to me, the two of us laughing over some joke. Sometimes, in these dreams, hed carry me away. Sometimes, wed be riding in a car. Occasionally, his face would start to take on that fearsome Strigoi image that always tormented me. Then Id quickly order my mind to brush such thoughts away.Dimitri had taken care of me so many times and had always been there when I needed him. It had gone both ways, though. Admittedly, he had not seemed to end up in the infirmary as much as me. That was just my luck. Even when he was injured, he wouldnt acknowledge it. And as I dreamed and hallucinated, images came to me of one of the few times Id been able to take care of him.Just before the school had been attacked, Dimitri had been involved in a number of tests with me and my fellow novices to see how well we reacted to surprise assaults. Dimitri was so tough that he was almost i mpossible to beat, though he still got bruised up a number of times. Id run into him in the gym once during these tests, surprised to see a cut on his cheek. It was hardly fatal, but there was a fair amount of blood showing.Do you realize youre bleeding to death? Id exclaimed. It was kind of an exaggeration, but still.He touched his cheek absentmindedly and seemed to notice the injury for the first time. I wouldnt quite go that far. Its nothing.Its nothing until you get an infectionYou know thats not likely, he said obstinately. That was true. Moroi-aside from contracting the occasional rare disease, as Victor had-hardly ever got sick. We dhampirs had inherited that from them, just as Sydneys tattoo gave her some protection. Nonetheless, I wasnt about to let Dimitri bleed all over.Come on, I said, pointing to the small bathroom in the gym. My voice had been fierce, and to my surprise, hed in truth obeyed.After wetting a washcloth, I gently cleaned his face. He continued protesting a t first but finally fell quiet. The bathroom was small, and we were just a few inches from each other. I could smell his clean, intoxicating scent and studied every detail of his face and strong body. My heart raced in my chest, but we were suppositious to be on good behavior, so I tried to appear cool and collected. He was eerily calm too, but when I brushed his hair back behind his ears to clean the rest of his face, he flinched. My fingertips touching his skin had sent shock waves through me, and hed felt them too. He caught hold of my hand and pulled it away.Enough, he said, voice husky. Im fine.Are you sure? I asked. He hadnt released my hand. We were so, so close. The small bathroom seemed ready to burst with the electricity building between us. I knew this couldnt furthest but hated to let go of him. God, it was hard being responsible sometimes.Yes, he said. His voice was soft, and I knew he wasnt mad at me. He was afraid, afraid of how little it would take to ignite a fire between us. As it was, I was warm all over, just from the feel of his hand. Touching him made me feel complete, like the person I was always meant to be. Thank you, Roza.He released my hand, and we left, both off to do our own things that day. merely the feel of his skin and hair stayed with me for hours afterwardsI dont know why I dreamed that memory after being attacked near the barn. It seemed weird that Id dream of taking care of Dimitri when I was the one who needed care. I guess it didnt really matter what the memory was, so long as it involved him. Dimitri always made me feel better, even in my dreams, giving me strength and resolve.But as I lay in that delirium and moved in and out of consciousness, his comforting face would occasionally take on those terrible red eyes and fangs. Id whimper, fighting hard to push that sight away. Other times, he didnt look like Dimitri at all. Hed turn into a man I didnt know, an older Moroi with dark hair and cunning eyes, gold jewelry g linting on his neck and ears. Id cry out for Dimitri again, and eventually, his face would return, guard and wonderful.At one point, though, the image shifted again, this time into a womans. Clearly, she wasnt Dimitri, but there was something about her brown eyes that reminded me of him. She was older, in her forties maybe, and a dhampir. She laid a cool cloth across my forehead, and I realized I wasnt dreaming anymore. My body ached, and I was in an unfamiliar bed, in an unfamiliar room. No squeeze of the Strigoi. Had I dreamed them, too? Dont try to move, the woman said with the faintest trace of a Russian accent. You took some bad hits.My eyes widened as the events by the barn came back to me, the ghosts Id summoned up. It hadnt been a dream. Wheres Sydney? Is she okay?Shes fine. Dont worry. Something in the womans voice told me I could believe her.Where am I?In Baia.Baia, Baia. Somewhere, in the back of my head, that name was familiar. All of a sudden, it clicked. Long, long a go, Dimitri had said it. Hed only ever mentioned his towns name once and, even though Id tried, I had never been able to remember it. Sydney would never tell me the name. But now we were here. Dimitris home.Who are you? I asked.Olena, she said. Olena Belikova.

Birth Control for Teenagers

The term consanguinity hold is generally defined as the deliberate prevention of pregnancy using any of several methods (Birth witness). It is sometimes referred to as contraception (Birth Control). A deeper take hold of of the term would reveal that it ranges from the most popular, which is the pills, up to the traditional, which is the method of abstinence (Avert. org). Its definition alone does not prescribe anything about the age group as to whom this should be administered. Recent studies would place better light on the administration of birth suppress for teenagers as early as their age and the benefits would bounce back on to them.Likewise, the conclusion of birth control is not the prevention of pregnancy alone but also includes health safety reasons and for medical purposes. It serves as a core of preventing the spread of HIV diseases among teenagers who are especially at risk for unprotected sexual intercourse. Moreover, pills, as one of the methods for birth control , are sometimes prescribed by doctors for medical reasons, such as excessively heavy periods, severe menstrual cramps, or acne (Greenfield).These purposes stated above places birth control room with a plenty of uses and does not solely mean the prevention of pregnancy, as it is commonly referred to. The benefits of providing birth control for teenagers exceed the moral speculations attached to it. The speculations and allegations of the harm that birth control would pack would certainly place the teenagers at a very disadvantaged position. A primary benefit of birth control being given to teenagers is that it would increase their sense at a very early age.Awareness of the birth control methods through halal education is not a means of preparing them to have sex. Rather, it is a means of preparing them to live healthy and responsible teenage lives. This would enable them to instill a sense of heightened awareness before they decide to engage in sex. The act of winning into sex ual intercourse by teenagers could not be avoided because of the stage of puberty they are going through. This is especially true with teenagers with teenagers with weak social support groups.Likewise, the awareness they receive at an early age would become a tool they could use to decide whether they would want to engage in sexual intercourse or not. With the use of the pronounceation they are properly provided, they would have the chance to enhance their decision-making skills and would give the chance to make informed decisions. In addition to an informed judgment, birth control would prevent unwanted pregnancies and would reduce the number of teenage parents. This would provide a great benefit for the USA in relation to the latest statistics on teenage pregnancies.According to the report, The United States has the highest rates of teen pregnancy and births in the western industrialized world. Teen pregnancy costs the United States at least $9 billion annually (Teenpregnancy. or g). With the alarming rate of teenage pregnancies today, it is best to mitigate the impact of such and help these teenagers as early as possible. It should be interpreted into account that the introduction of birth control to teenagers should be accompanied by several other factors for it to be considered as a successful one.First, it should have with it the proper information as stated earlier. Factors that should be considered when making the awareness campaign would have to be that it contains the proper use of such, its importance especially to the teenage group, the purpose behind it, and the persons or organizations to whom teenagers could talk to about this. It should be clearly shown that the purpose for giving them birth control is not to persuade them into having teenage sex. Rather, it is to prepare them and inform them about the risks and importance of planning for their future.Second, the important social support groups should continually give teenagers with advice wit h regard to sensitive issues related to birth control. They would serve as the ones who would reenforce the values laid down by proper information dissemination. Third, trust should be given by parents to their children when it comes to birth control. Along with trust should be the constant reminder of the things they need to do. More often than not, barriers to communication between the parents and the teenagers result to disagreements between the two and would even bring them dissatisfaction and rebellion.There is nothing wrong with teenagers receiving birth control especially so that abstinence is a form that is advocated by both religious and civic groups and is included in the list of birth control methods. This brings get on light to the fact that birth control does not enhance the sexual activity of teenagers. Being the most vulnerable of them all, the opportunity to be protected, educated, and provided with birth control methods should never be taken away from them. It is a right which should be given to all women and men alike and to all age groups. Works Cited Avert. org.Birth Control and Contraception for Teenagers. 26 June 2007. Avert. 22 dreadful 2008 http//www. avert. org/cpills. htm. Birth Control. In Microsoft Student 2007 DVD. Redmond, WA Microsoft Corporation, 2006. Greenfield, Marjorie. Myths and Realities about Giving the Pill to Preteens, Teens. 2 August 2008. The Dr. Spock Company. 22 August 2008 http//www. drspock. com/article/0,1510,6127,00. html. Teenpregnancy. org. General Facts and Stats. November 2006. The National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy. 22 August 2008 http//www. teenpregnancy. org/resources/data/genlfact. asp.

Overpopulation Problems

Before we move on to overpopulation conundrums, we need to know about the various factors that are responsible for this incessant rise in population. Significant proceeds in quality of life and basic health services has resulted in decline in death rate, and at the same time has caused an increase in the birth rate. Continuous migration of people from underdeveloped areas to developed areas has triggered an unnatural growth in population in developed areas, thus, putting immense pressure on available resources.Our failure in understanding the problems caused by overpopulation in urban areas is reflected in unplanned growth of newer towns and cities. More importantly, a look at the project population growth is even more horrendous, which in itself stresses on the fact that we are not learning from our mistakes. Read more oncauses of overpopulation. Problems Caused by Overpopulation Overpopulation problems refer to a series of interwoven problems which are basically caused due to pop ulation explosion. The worst thing about these problems is that they act as major hindrances in the process of development.though restricted to the urban areas as of now, these problems have already begun and it testamenting be just a matter of time before they engulf the entire planet. scarcity of Resources Available resources will not be sufficient to meet the demand of rising population. Only 3% of water on the planet is potable, so overpopulation problems will start with the lack of drinking water for millions of people across the globe. Land available for agricultural production is also shrinking, which means the amount of crop produced will decrease with time.If population increases and crop production decreases, a large part of population will be left to die of hunger. In fact, Thomas Malthus had predicted this problem of food shortage due to rise in population two centuries ago through his theory of population. Scarcity of resources will not just be restricted to food and water, it will also affect various other walks of life, including health services, jobs and many basic amenities. Health Problems The amount of waste produced by change magnitude population will hamper the waste management program in several countries.Untreated waste and poor hygiene will result in the spread of diseases. A large population will make the spread of contagious diseases even more easier. Health resources available with us will not be sufficient enough to cater to the needs of the huge population in case of an epidemic, and the death toll will be difficult to handle. wide planet will experience large scale outbreaks of diseases, which will wipe out a large part of population by itself. Environmental Issues append in population will also increase the anthropogenic activities which cause global warming and related climate change.Larger the population, more will be the environmental issues that we will have to deal with like pollution and deforestation. We have proved t ime and again that we wont hesitate to encroach upon the natural surroundings and place down them if we dont have a place to stay. This will result in loss of habitat for various species and cause a severe ecological imbalance on the planet. It would be foolish to expect that we will be safe from these overpopulation effects, as all lifeforms subsisting on this planet, including humans, are dependent on each other, either right off or indirectly.These overpopulation problems would not have affected us if we had unlimited land and resources, but that is not the case. Already limited resources are being continuously divided up into smaller and smaller portions, especially the land. Perhaps we are yet to understand the hazards of overpopulation, or maybe we will continue to turn a blind kernel to them until it causes some serious calamity. The need of the hour is to identify the solutions for these

Off Job and on Job Analysis Essay

Introduction of Topic The subject study is aimed to investigate an issue i. e. Comparative psychoanalysis of on- product line & off-job prep ardness set up on employee per ashesance for this I arrive select to method of cookery off job learning and two moderate variables surround and trainers which control on employee procedure. On job breeding and off job prep variable argon conducted as comparative variable while an other(prenominal) variable conducted as moderate variables. In world(a) the presidential terms ar using exploit appraisals in ordination to appraise their employees and to assess their annual surgery. feat Appraisals induct become a instruction craze over the past decade whereby any memorial tablet seems to think that by faithfully adhering to this practice, people within the organization will grow and develop in the gild image. Nothing could be further from reality. Experience has proved to me that since those who are carrying out the assessment a re usually poorly trained, poorly prepared and with an I am your boss so I must be more effective than you attitude. The result is a great deal than not highly subjective and of very little value to either the organization or to assess.Every human resource manager knows that through instruction they wad improve the skills or instruction execution of employees or control powerfulness. But I want to clear which information method is nigh beneficial for work force. So that human resource manger would provide that training method which is most suitable for improve the carrying into action of employees. For this purpose I conduct my interrogation and comparative analysis that which training method is efficient and which accompanimentor influence more on performance of an employee. Problem StatementComparative Analysis of on-job & off-job training effects on employee performance Objective Statement From side to side training so-and-so get better the skills or achievement o f employees. My objective of conduct a comparative research is to find out efficient method of training to enhance or improve the skill of employee. Introduction to Variables Dependent variable Performance of Employee Independent Variables On job training, Off job training Moderate Variables Environment, Trainers Chapter 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE.Training on the job has become a major(ip) source of skill buildup for workers in the last two decades due to the rapid pace of technological change. Studies by Bishop (1994) and Bartle and Lichtenburg (1987), among others, establish that a well-trained workforce provides returns to employers in the form of high(prenominal) productivity and better flexibility to technological change. Hence, there is a strong incentive for employers to sponsor training for their workforce. However, employers also need to think with the mishap that workers may quit before employers chiffonier fully realize the benefits of the training that was provided.For nearly three decades since Becker (1964) classified training as general training (training that builds skills transferrable to other firms) or specialized training (training that builds firm-specific skills), researchers have assumed that employers would be more willing to sponsor specific training as opposite to general training that could be hired elsewhere. However, many fresh experimental studies have failed to provide any evidence for this idea.Instead, experimental research has consistently put in that most employer-sponsored training does, in fact, provide employees with skills that are transferable to other employers (i.e. , that most employer-sponsored training should be classified as general training).Studies by Barron, Berger and Black (1999), Lowenstein and splutter (1999), Booth and Bryan (2002) find, that most or all the training that is sponsored by employers result in workers acquiring general skills that can be use at other firms. such(prenominal) recent findi ngs have sparked a changed interest in the following question do workers who acquire transferable skills from employer-sponsored training act working in the same job or do they seek better returns for their newly acquired skills from otheremployers? term this question has been explored in many recent studies, most of this research (possibly due to the nature of the survey data available) has pore on younger workers or a cross-section of workers. In doing this, workers who are in the middle of their careers a subset of workers who enjoy a considerable benefit from training have been overlooked it is well-understood that the type of training underg atomic number 53 by young workers is considerably contrary from the re-training of mid-career workers.De Grip and vanguard Loo (2002) detail the various ways, in which a workers skill may degrade over the course of a career, necessitating corrective on-the-job training is often essential to maintaining worker productivity. In this con text, it could be reasonably expected that the nature of training mid-career employees receive would take thoroughgoingly different forms than training for the grok force at large.Also, workers tend to be highly mobile between jobs early in their careers Topel and Ward (1992), for recitation, show that a typical worker holds seven different jobs during the first 10 years of his/her career, with the rate of job mobility then declining significantly. Hence, employers may be more willing to sponsor general training for such workers, believe that they would be more standardisedly to experience the rewards of this training due to the decreased job mobility at this stage of the workers career.Effective training programmers lead the dedicated support of top management (Motwani, Frahm et al. 1994). Such organizations provide training mapped to employee and organizational needs (Mann, 1997), and provide this at the proper time. Yet, not all companies train the same emphasis on, or show the same perpetration to employee training (Roberts and McDonald, 1995 Hughey and Mussnug, 1997). Some companies work hard to recruit the best people and yet glide by relatively little effort to retain them once hired (Cappelli, 2000).thither is evidence to show that benefits follow to organizations that are committed to employee training (Wills, 1994). Organizations that place a high value on training give resources to the management of the training process. They devote time to ensuring that employees get the training programmers that is most appropriate for them given their animate IT skill sets (Eighteen, 1999). Such firms are most successful at maximizing the effectiveness of their training programs (Huang, 2001).Organizations that commit effort and finances to training programmers and employee breeding do so with theobjective of a pay-off in terms of growthd skill-sets, increased motivation, increased knowledge transfer (Pate, Martin et al. , 2000), more positive psycholo gical and organizational dynamics, as well as a measurable aggressive edge. The use of training courses future outstrips what is known of their usefulness (Foxon, 1989 Schonewille, 2001). Mann (1996) maintains that despite heavy investment in training, organizations can frequently fail to evaluate adequately the value or success of their training programmes.Organizations that devote considerable resources to training also understand the value of evaluating the training process (Motswana, Frahm et al. , 1994 Mann, 1996). Such evaluation is a key phase in any proposed training and using process (Al-Khayyat and Elgamal, 1997). While such appraisal is lovable in principle it is difficult in practice (Morris, 1984). Even those companies who do carry out evaluations often use measures later considered ineffective (Schonewille, 2001). The most putting surface metric of evaluation is trainee perceptions .Such assessments are random, in imposing, and unstructured evaluations of training p rogrammers, which tend to be post training appraisals rather than approaching the evaluation of training programmers from their purpose stages (James and Rolfe, 2000). Many forms of training exist ( Switzer and Kleiner, 1996 Huang, 2001). The range of training techniques has been expanded by the application of technology in its hard (for example through computing technology) and diffuse (for example through instructional design) (Sadler-Smith, Down et al. , 2000).In relation to IT training, many methodologies for the approach to and delivery of training can be used forms of training accept instructor console training in a classroom situation, stand-alone terminals with remote instruction, computer establish training (CBT) without instructor, hypermedia training (a computer based method of non-sequential reading and writing, a technique with which chunks of information can be arranged and rearranged according to an individuals needs, previous knowledge, and curiosities (Higginbotha m-Wheat, 1992 Murray, 1998)), self-paced training using a variety of delivery methods (Compeau, 1995), distance learning (whether by videoconferencing, email, or other method).Learning networks, simulations, groupware communication, use of mentors or coaches, job rotation, management games, role playing and fashion modeling (Williams, 2001), or Internet based training. While many new training approaches based on new technologyexist, these modern training methods have been subjected to comparatively little empirical or critical study (Sadler-Smith, Down et al. , 2000).The literature suggests that that some of the most effective training techniques are not new, except are merely the application of old-fashioned common sense to the assessment of training needs (Switzer and Kleiner, 1996 Sadler-Smith, Down et al. , 2000 Smith, 2002). Sadler-Smith et al. (2000) believe that flexibility of delivery is a fundamental issue for smaller firms, to which open/distance/technology-based learnin g may turn over a workable solution however, the modernity of some delivery methods may in itself lead to assumption of applicability and efficiency.Bostrom at all (1988) argue that the delivery method can directly influence the effectiveness of, and the benefits accrued from training. Read and Kleiner (1996) present the most commonly used training methods crossways non-industry specific U. S Companies.They found that the top ten training methods used in business, swayed in order from highest to lowest use, were videotapes, lectures, one-on-one instruction, role plays, games/simulation, case studies, slides, computer-based training, audio tapes, and films. In a survey carried out by 450 respondents, Mathews et al. (2001) studied the incidence of training delivery methods across non-industry specific organizations in the U.K. , Portugal, and Finland within the context of benefits accrued.They found that training methods most commonly used tended to be traditional, with little impa ct evident of more HITECH methods. traditionalistic methods included external short courses, internal lectures and seminars, issuing of training manuals and materials to be self-taught, using training videos, short demonstrations, and the delegation of training responsibilities to training consultants. This study found that in-house participative seminars were the preferred training delivery method in the UK, whereas external short courses were the preferred method in Finland and Portugal.Impersonal methods such as training videos, and mesh or Computer-based training, were viewed across the UK, Finland, and Portugal as poor methods. In contrast, highly personal methods of training such as participative courses and seminars were viewed as the most effective and highly regarded methods. From a company perspective, training and development of company employees are essential for organizational operation, and organizational development. From an employee perspective, these same factors are both vital and critical for skill development and for career advancement. Retention of employees, and the retention of valued skill sets, is important for continued business achievements (Mak and Sockel, 1999).The successful retention of employees leads to knowledge conservation within the organization (Cappelli, 2000). Employee turnover rate may lead to a loss of human resources weakening competitive positions. At a company level, mechanisms that allow for and promote knowledge transfer amongst employees can help minimize the effect of the loss of skilled staff to other companies (Cappelli, 2000). Training employees leads to increased employee satisfaction, facilitates the updating of skills, leads to an increased sense of belonging and benefit, increased employee loyalty to the organization (Bushardt, Fretwell et al. , 1994), and strengthens the organizations battle (Hughey and Mussnug, 1997 Burden and Proctor, 2000).Job-related training increases an employees ability to per form job-related tasks. Job satisfaction is an important motivator for employee performance and is opposely related to turnover (Mak and Sockel, 1999). Company commitment to the training needs of its employees positively influences employee satisfaction, leading to an increase in employee motivation and an increase in retention (Mak and Sockel, 1999 Ranft and Lord, 2000). Such commitment culminates in employee exposure to quality job-related training, leading to better employee morale, an increased sense of employee achievement and accomplishment (Elizur, 1996), and ultimately to an increase in organizational competitiveness.Whilst company commitment to training for its employees positively affects retention and leads to desirable outputs, there are many different categories and types of training (Switzer and Kleiner, 1996 Huang, 2001 Mathews, Ueno et al. , 2001). To have positive results, organizational commitment to training must tie closely to appropriate effective training meth ods and training delivery mechanisms.In terms of training methodologies, what may be appropriate for one company (or employee) may not be for another. This paper describes a descriptive study, which assesses the impact of training on employee retention, and go outs the relationship between organizational commitment to training and benefits accrued. Results of the study demonstrate that organizational attitudes and provision for training relate positively to employee expectations and requirements.Findings indicate that well-engineered training initiatives lead to increased organizational strength, job-related employee competencies, and job satisfaction. The study finds that training helps in retaining knowledge within the organization, but may not help in retaining employees. The main method of training delivery is by instructor-led formal sessions, followed by self-training and workshops.Findings show that more modern methods such as web-based and computer based training are not pe rvasive. Almost one third of respondents believe that training received has not helped to reduce job-related stress. More than one quarter of respondents indicate that their organization does not structure training based on employee feedback on requirements.There are many cases where the training needs of employees have not been sufficiently addressed and cases where organizations have not evaluated the quality or effectiveness of training programmers, making return on investment hard to measure. To succeed, an organization must create an environment that not only attracts people to join and give their best every day, but one that also strives to retain existing staff.The retention of talented experienced, productive and knowledgeable employees can be a source of competitive usefulness for companies (King, 1997 Cheng and Brown, 1998 Roepke, Agarwal et al. , 2000). The maintenance of employees provides staff stability, which aids organizational knowledge retention (Cappelli, 2000), offers the opportunity to raise quality standards through continuous improvement practices (Motwani, Frahm et al., 1994) and facilitates the achievement of more trusty customer care (Rowley and Purcell, 2001). It is important for employers to pick out and to understand their employees viewpoints on what the employees consider to be the most important aspects of their jobs, if employees are to be more content (Ventakesh, 1999 Mulder, 2001). While staff retention in general is important, the retention of IT employees is vital for business success (Mak and Sockel, 1999 MacDonald, Gabriel et al. , 2000). understanding IT leaders recognize that the greatest impediments to success are often related to people rather than to information, technology, and systems (Roepke, Agarwal et al. , 2000).Considering the high costs associated with replacing IT staff and their experience, it makes sense for companies to invest in mechanisms designed to keep IT staff longer (Mak and Sockel, 1999 Moore, 2000). wiz such staff retention mechanism is the use of employee training programmes for existing members of staff (Mulder, 2001). The use of such programmes in recent times by employers may have more to do with securing employee commitment in uncertain times than about transforming skill levels (Hallier and Butts, 1999). As such, for some organizations the key objective of training is to increase employee commitment to the organization and to create a culture that underlines the value of long-term employment.Mak and Sockel (1999) found that most employees consider career development a priority motivational tool and once motivated, they are more likely to be devoted to their job and the companys retention rate should improve.As such, management commitment to the development of the employee can significantly affect retention, even in situations where economic incentives such as incremental salary increases do not (Ranft and Lord, 2000). Specific training initiatives have specific go als. These include the improvement of employee job performance, employee development (Burden and Proctor, 2000), the development of skills, knowledge, and attitudes (Al-Khayyat and Elgamal, 1997), and a means of achieving a competitive edge (Hughey and Mussnug, 1997 Hallier and Butts, 2000). given the fast obsolescence of IT specific skills there is a repeated need to provide opportunities for employees to update their technical skill sets. The tribulation to provide such training increase the chance of failure and such companies may pay more in the long run (Auer, 1995). Organizations must respond to demands for change while at the same time realizing that advances in technology and knowledge are rendering many traditional employee skills obsolete, while simultaneously developing needs for new ones (Read and Kleiner, 1996). It is this continuous risk of knowledge obsolescence that makes training and retraining necessary, not only for individual growth but also for organizational g rowth (Read and Kleiner, 1996).Within the IT sector, training can be considered to encompass organized, structured, formal events and sessions offered to IT employees as a company initiative. This paper does not consider on-the-job daily experiences to be classed as formal training, although such experiences can aid the development of skills related to job lives (Sadler-Smith, Down et al. , 2000 Smallbone, Supri et al. , 2000). The beginning of the modern concern about skills and economic competitiveness in the United States came perhaps with the government report, A nation at Risk (National Commission on Excellence in Education, 1983), which documented the poor academic performance of U. S. students compared to those of major competitor nations.Studies such as Baumol, Blackman, and Wolff (1989) focused attention on the long-run and comparative performance of the U. S. delivery. Piore and Sabel (1984), Cohen and Zysman (1987), and others drew attention to the importance of produc tion work to an economy and to the fact that work organization and employee skills influenced the competitiveness of manufacturing firms and their ability to adapt to changing food markets. Dertouzos, Lester, Solow, and the Industrial Productivity (1989) developed these views into an argument about declining U. S. competitiveness that became almost a standard for future studies. The work organization and management structures of U. S. firms rely too much on outdated scientific management approaches.They are hierarchical, based on narrow job titles and unskilled workers, and, as a result, are not as flexible in adjusting to changing markets as the competitor firms in other countries. The more flexible techniques of Japanese management in particular demand higher skills from the ram force. Other studies soon pounced on the connection between skills, productivity, and economic performance. Both Americas pickaxe (1990) and the Office of Technology Assessments report (1990) argued tha t higher levels of skills in the workforce were necessary in order to develop the new, more productive systems of work organization and compete successfully with other nations.With these reports as a backdrop, the Secretary of Labors Commission on Achieving Necessary Skills (SCANS) was established in 1990 to identify the skills that the workplace was demanding. In its various reports, the Commission has argued forcefully that new types of organizations and new arrangements for organizing workemployee empowerment, teams, and new work technologiesrequire new skills and a higher level of existing skills from workers.Furthermore, the skills that are required are at least in part general work skills that translate across employers and industries. Both employers and individual workers are seen as benefiting from those higher skills (SCANS, 1992).Arguments like these have in large measure been responsible for a new thrust in public policy toward top skill levels, especially through school ing. The National Goals for Education, for example, is an effort to raise cultureal standards in the country at least in part to improve competitiveness.The list of skills identified by SCANS as reasonably generic to the U. S. economy has been used to drive the curriculum in high schools and in training programs such as the Job Corps and those funded by the Job Training Partnership. The School-to-Work Opportunities Act, passed by Congress to establish school-to-work change programs like youth apprenticeships, is also designed to raise work-related skills.Given the speed with which these arguments have moved forward, it is indeed surp insurrection to find so little experiential research that examines the relationship between skills, worker productivity, and economic performance. It is not obvious, in the absence of empirical evidence those higher levels of skills will necessarily lead to better economic performance. Unless jobs require or allow workers to make use of higher skills, for example, one should not expect performance to improve when skills increase.Further, jobs that require higher levels of skills now than in the past still may not assess the skills that employees already have. In assembly jobs, for example, the initial skill requirements are so low that they could rise substantially and still be within the set that about all workers possess.Loewenstein and Spletzer (1999), Booth and Bryan (2002) find, that most or all the training that is sponsored by employers result in workers acquiring general skills that can be used at other firms. Such recent findings have sparked a renewed interest in the following question do workers who acquire transferable skills from employer-sponsored training continue working in the same job or do they seek better returns for their newly acquired skills from other employers?While this question has been explored in many recent studies, most of this research (possibly due to the nature of the survey data available) has focused on younger workers or a cross-section of workers.Finally, where skills are in shortage, the germane(predicate) skills may be job-specific ones that are typically seen as being the responsibility of the employer to provide. Perhaps the main reason for the lack of research on skills and performance is the problem in obtaining direct measures of an employees skill. What are typically available are aggregate measures of the amount of education and training workers receive.These are the inputs that should produce skill and that are related to indirect measures of performance. The body of research on the economic returns on education is particularly wide and may have some relevance for these questions. gracious capital research clearly finds that employees with more education earn more, suggesting that the skills they have are valued in the market.Whether education is simply a alternate or screen for some other desirable characteristic, such as resolve, is a complicating facto r in the argument. The fact that the return on education appears to be rising over the past decaderising rapidly for college graduates and falling sharply for high school dropouts suggests that such education is increasingly valuable in the labor market (cf. Levy & Murnane, 1992).The fact that both initial and further education and training earn a higher return suggests that some of the skills associated with education are increasingly valuable (see Tuijnman, 1992, for references to research in Colombia, the Netherlands, Sweden, Norway, and the United States). But for which specific skills is the return being earned?Research on the relationship between vocational course work and subsequent job performance may shed some light on this question. Vocational education programs typically provide training for specific occupations, and research on the labor market outcomes for students in these programs can help in understanding the effects of general or vocational skills on the economy.Alt onji (1992) found that students who took more vocational courses earned higher salary, other things being equal. Other studies find that enrollment in vocational education programs improves participants labor market experience but only for those who find jobs in the field for which they received training (e. g. , Campbell, Eliot, Laughlin, & Suesy, 1987).High school students who participate in vocationally oriented programs like workstudy and co-op substitute on-the-job training for academic classes, andstudies suggest that they do not necessarily do better in the labor market than those who did not participate in such programs (Bishop, Blakemore, & Low, 1985).Hollenbeck (cited in Stern, Stone, Finkelstein, Latting, & Martinez, 1993) found that students enrolled in occupationally based technical training following high school did better in the labor market than did those who pursued a baccalaureate program. It is difficult to draw reliable conclusions from these studies about the s kills mandatory to improve economic performance (Berryman, 1994 Stern & Tuijnman, in press). The fact that vocational skills pay off when graduates find jobs in their field of training but not otherwise may indicate, for example, that the programs help simply by cock-a-hoop access to a well-paying job market.In one of the few studies that attempts to sort out the source of higher wages, Grubb (1991) concludes that the return on a two-year college layer comes mainly from access to better paying occupations than are available to non-degree workers and not from obtaining higher paying jobs within the same occupation. The latter measures the extent to which education produces higher performance for the economy as a on the whole. The complication noted above about interpreting evidence on returns from education is that education may function as a screen for some other desirable characteristic, such as persistence, that covaries with educational attainment and drives success.One way ar ound this problem is to examine individuals skills directly, as opposed to their educational attainment. Bishops (1991) comparison of workers wages with their scores on the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery is one example of this approach. (Al-Khayyat and Elgamal, 1997) He finds that higher competencies were not associated with higher starting wages. Basic academic competencies such as mathematical ability actually received a negative premium from the labor market while vocational skills such as typing speed earned a considerable premium. , (Hughey and Mussnug, 1997 Hallier and Butts, 2000). These competencies were related, however, to performance on the job as measured by the reports of supervisors.SCANS conducted its own, although indirect, test of the relationship between skills and performance by examining the current wages for a sample of jobs and the SCANS competencies associated with them (SCANS, 1992, p. 9). Not surprisingly, it was found that jobs requiring higher skills pay more. As noted above, however, it is not clear what to conclude from this. It does not indicate, for example, that workers with higher skills perform better in the same job or that the economy would be better off if skills levels rose. A second complication about interpreting evidence from the economic returns on skills as measured by wages is that such skills raise wages in two ways.The first is by providing access to higher paying occupations, and the second is by helping improve performance within occupations. The policy interest associated with the arguments above is mainly with the second relationship. While jobs in medicine, for example, require higher skills and pay individuals more, the economy as a whole cannot grow by making more and more people into doctors. Even for individuals, the gains from expanding access to higher wage occupations face the well-known fallacy of composition. If the supply of workers with the skills needed to fill a particular job rose, th e wages associated with that job would fall, as would its desirability.Performance and wages can grow, however, if all workers become more productive at their current jobs. An alternative approach, therefore, is to examine the relationship between skills and job performance within ones current job, using actual job productivity measures for the estimates. Most of these studies come from personnel psychology where they form the basis of attempts to validate selection procedures (see, e. g. , American Psychological Association, American Educational Research Association, & National Council on Measurement in Education Joint Committee, 1985). Studies of skills that might generalize across settings concentrate mainly on academic material of the kind associated with classroom instruction.Academic skills as measured by aptitude tests can be reasonably good predictors of job performance (cf. Barrett & Depinet, 1991). The best known of these tests is the General Abilities Test Battery (GATB), which is used extensively by the employment service.The cognitive composite scale from GATB measures traditional academic skills such as verbal and numeric skill. It is related to job performance at roughly the same level as vocational skills, which correlate at levels between . 20 and . 30 (see National Research Council, 1989). Academic performance as measured by grades in school, however, is a substantially worse predictor of job performance (cf. Hunter & Hunter, 1984 Schmitt, Goodling, Noe, & Kirsch, 1984).Other studies use organizational performance measures to examine the relationship with skills. Bartel and Lichtenberg (1987) find, for example, that the rate of innovation is higher in industries that have more educated workers. Cohen and Levinthal (1990) also find that firms that have made a greater investment in learning experience greater innovations.Overall, the results surveyed above suggest that job performanceand ultimately economic performancemight be change by raisin g academic skills in the workforce as a whole. 2 With respect to the policy arguments above, however, it is not clear which skills are the important ones for performance or whether new work systems are creating higher demands for skills.SCANS essentially performed a job analysis for the economy as a whole, producing a set of radical skills that are said to generalize across virtually all jobs in the workplace. While all job analyses are somewhat subjective, the SCANS skills are similar to those generated by other widely used job analyses such as the Position Analysis Questionnaire (McCormick & Jeanneret, 1988). SCANS identified two categories of these general skills foundation skills associated with traditional academic education and interpersonal skills, and workplace competencies, which are more practical and vocational, applying skills to a workplace context.

One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest: Review

a) Charismatic Leader McMurphy shows characteristics of a charismatic leader in various federal agencys. McMurphy is transferred to a mental institution for evaluation after he had been convicted of statutory rape. When McMurphy gets to the institution, he get holds as the institution is very(prenominal) supressed and has a strict feed that everyone is expected to catch. Unpleasant medical treatments argon used to supress the patients. When McMurphy sees this, he realizes that the surroundings needs to be lightened up and the patients should be treated like real commonwealth.He becomes a leader to several patients at the institution teaching them how to lose fun and enjoy themselves in an environment that doesnt admit them to do so. McMurphy convinces his friends to enjoy themselves by playing cards, breaking erupt of their shell, and watch baseball games. The patients follow his footsteps and hope to be like him as he displays such charisma that people want to conform and come the confidence he has. This example is transparent when the patients are sent up for shock therapy which numerous patients are afraid of.McMurphy goes up for the treatment and comes back down assuring the patients that the therapy has only charged him up for the next women he pass on be with. McMurphy in addition challenges Mildred to change the ward policy which furiates her as no other patient has ever had the courage to. b) hallucination/Outsiders The patients inwardly the mental institution are alienated from the outside world. They are considered the people who are sprightlinessing from the outside in. The Institutions head Nurse Mildred treats the patients in a harsh manner, non as If they were people.These people havent experienced life to their fullest due to where they are exactly they still want to enjoy their life. When they look outside they realize the world has much to offer unless they are alienated by being contained within the facility. They are als o non throw in the toweled many visitors which is essentially alienating them from the outside world. c) Rebellion against societal norms When McMurphy realizes what he has gotten himself into as salutary as seeing his fellow patients he decides to rebel the social norms within the facility. The patients begin to drink, lay cards and bet cigarettes which Nurse Mildred gets furious, unambiguous when she confiscates the cigarettes and rations them out. McMurphy also steals the hospital bus and gathers his friends to pick up a party girl.The group also parties one night sneaking in two female visitors with alcohol and enjoy the night away even though McMurphy has a plan of escaping which fails as he is drunk and fatigued. One of the patients even loses his virginity within the facility which is frowned upon. The insubordinate attitude gets the patients into a lot of trouble especially McMurphy as the patients were well-behaved but now are not. ) Changing Group Dynamics Before Mc Murphy arrived, the group of patients who were previously present were very well-behaved as Nurse Mildred would say. They followed rules and strict regimen that was provided without questioning anything. They took any punishment and also agreed to unusual medical treatments that were said to stand by the patients even though they were just a method to strangle them. The patients were very unhappy but just followed the orders that were given as no one had the courage to stand-up.When McMurphy came along, with his Charismatic and daring personality, the patients wanted to conform and be more(prenominal) like him so that they could live their life to the fullest while being contained within a facility. The patients forgot what life was like outside the facility but when McMurphy came along he proved that life could be lived the way you wanted to no matter where you are. e) Authoritys response to rebellion Nurse Mildred tried to contain the rebellious behaviour by increasing the unu sual treatment like shock and hydro therapy.She confiscates cigarettes and does not allow freedom to the patients. When patient Billy is found with a girl in a room within the facility she threatens to tell his mother, using the method of embarrassing the patient so he will regret what he has done and straighten up and refuse to rebel but unfortunately Billy takes his own life. She tightens her grip on the group and has humiliation sessions which furiates many patients but they dont defend themselves. After a thorough examination of various facilities, I have come to the onclusion that many of these facilities treat their patients in a harsh manner which is completely extra as it may stall the improvement of their current mental state. Mental institutions are meant to aid patients positively and help them become unwrap physically and mentally. As an advocate to reform mental institutions, I draw a bead on changing various methods of treatments used on patients as well as the atmo sphere they are treated in, to help the patient becoming better rather than worse. The first change I propose is changing the interior design of the building.Patients come to the institution to get better. It is proven that visuals and colours affect moods. By changing decor and colours we lowlife establish the institution visually calculate like a positive atmosphere rather than a dingy one. The second change I would propose is the change in attitude amongst the workers. In the film the staff was shown as a strict, very harsh group. The attitude greatly affects the people you work with and how they respond to you. In the movie the patients were very dreadful and quiet due to the intense rules and regulations.As a staff it would be appropriate to make patients to feel at home as they might be staying at the institution for a while. Exuding positive behaviour will change the atmosphere itself. Patients with mental health issues need the positivity around them to get better as we ll as feel comfortable with being themselves. The third idea I would like to propose is that staff is not allowed to conduct unnecessary treatments to supress the patients just so they will behave. This stalls the improvement in health and just causes fear amongst patients. As said before mental institutions are vatic to aid patients not make them worse.And absolutely NO LOBOTOMY This is a very serious matter and it will not be tolerated. If a patient is to show rowdy behaviour, he shall be placed in a room alone to think about his actions and if unable to do so they will be given medication so they do not pose a threat to anyone else within the facility. The fourth idea I would like to propose is that, the patients should be allowed visitations and also be allowed to go out. Staying in one place can cause a person to become depressed and feel lonely. This can also provoke thoughts of escaping as seen within the movie.Exploring the outside world and enjoying the world as a human be ing will allow the patient to feel that they are not contained but are very much like normal human beings. The Last idea I would like to propose is allow free days. Free days allow patients to enjoy themselves such as smoke, drink and party within the facility. A designated room with supervision would allow the patients to enjoy themselves with food, music, drinks. Having these ideas would help the facility work smoothly as possible, with barely any acts of rebelling and any serious issues.The movie could act as an agent of social change and reform as the movie excellently portrays what can happen when patients are in a supressed environment. Patients are people and they have all the rights that people outside the institution do. By watching this movie people can see how such repression can cause patients to act out and this can be used as a precautionary device to see what can be changed in mental health institutions to make them better. Mental institutions can make note on the sta ff and how facility works and instead of using it as a guide, they can make the institution better.Nurse Mildred and her staff are very strict which doesnt help the patients if they reformed to a kinder, gentler approach to patients with a positive attitude will help their institution for the best. Personally I enjoyed watching the movie as it displayed the hard truth about some institutions and it made it evident that the institution that was portray is in fact a very much part of reality. Many institutions during that period of time or even today may be like that which is very sad. Personally I fill in Jack Nicholson and his portrayal of the character of McMurphy was very convincing.Nicholson, a charming persona on his own, made the character McMurphy very lovable and understanding even though the crime he was convicted of in the beginning may beg to differ. The charisma Nicholson displayed made it evident why he was chosen to play McMurphy. I mat up as he was a very relatable character as a charismatic leader. The portrayal of Nurse Mildred Ratched was also very good. The intense, raw persona portrayed by Louise Fletcher made her seem like in reality she was indeed the same person as Mildred.The intensity between McMurphy and Ratched was totally believable. As for the story, I matt-up like it was very touching. An individual trying to help others realize their own potential and enjoy themselves within a contained environment with mishaps along the way just depicts the reality of life and friendship. McMurphy realized and felt the fear amongst his colleagues and decided it was time for change. With his rebellious ideas, attitudes and actions he captivates the hearts of his friends and viewers making them want to be more like him outgoing and courageous.Although the ending is very sad resulting in the death of McMurphy after having a lobotomy, he leaves his legacy, showing the other patients that there is not point of being afraid, life is too short so you must enjoy it to the fullest not matter where you are. I felt like many characters could have been more evident in the movie such as Martini, portrayed by Danny DeVito, an amazing actor who shouldnt have been limited to his talents. I felt as if most characters were not memorable such as Martini, which is sad as I love Danny DeVito. The Characters beside McMurphy that were evident were Billy and Chief.Chief was only evident because he was a fairly larger man then the rest of the group and also of different ethnicity. He was also the one who put McMurphy out of his misery after McMurphy had received a lobotomy. Billy only became evident to me personally, after he had sex with Candy and he killed himself. Other than that I had not paid much attention to his character. In the films defense I would say yes that the attention was mainly on McMurphy, but I was hoping for more from the secondary characters seeing how each one as an individual conformed rather than as a whole group.