The laws regarding homicide are an unsatisfactory collection of rules Essay

The laws regarding homicide are an unsatisfactory collection of rules which are unclear and which do not set appropriate leve - Essay Example This paper’s aim is to point out some of the major problems and errors that is contained in the homicide law. The first section will be looking at the definition of the homicide and also some of the legislative areas that is covered under the homicide law. The second section will entirely deal with the defects and problems in the homicide law. The third area will briefly look at the legal framework of the said areas and the suggested statutory reforms that can be implemented on the homicide law in Britain. When looking at the word ‘homicide’ in this essay the terms of reference will be in reference to the relationship between the law of murder and the law relating to homicide especially on manslaughter. The definition of murder can be borrowed from classic definition of Sir Edward Coke in 1797: â€Å"Murder is when a man of a sound memory, and of the age of discretion, unlawfully killeth within any country of the realm any reasonable creature in rerum natura unde r the King’s peace, with malice aforethought, either expressed by the party or implied by law, so as the party wounded, or hurt, etc. die of the wound or hurt, etc. within a year and a day after the same.†2 For the purposes of convenience in this paper, the definition of homicide will imply the unlawful killing of a human being by another human being. Under homicide offences, murder is the most serious of all but its reform cannot be reflected upon seclusion without the inclusion from the other homicide offences. Under Actus Reus there are four ways in which it can be implemented. 1. UNLAWFUL KILLING When the killing is unlawful there are certain defences that will make the killing lawful for example in the case of self defence. Should the jury find the killing was under self defence; then the killing will be lawful. This will only be possible if the act or omission of the defendant is thought to be legal cause of the victim’s death. Therefore the causation in su ch a situation must be established. 2. HUMAN BEING Should the killing occur then it must be the killing of a human being who was living. 3. QUEEN'S PEACE This means that the killing of an enemy during the course of war, under the Queen’s peace, the killing will not be classified as murder. 4. DEATH WITHIN A YEAR AND A DAY The killing ought to have been committed within the year and a day for it to be placed under homicide in particular.3 1. MALICE AFORETHOUGHT The mens rea in case of murder is usually malice aforethought. R v Moloney [1985] AC 905 4 (a) Intention to kill When it comes to murder there is always a specific intention for this crime to be committed. The intention might vary accordingly for example in this context the intention might be direct intention or even oblique intention. The direct intention implies that the situation of the defendant desired death in the first place while under oblique intent it means that the death of the defendant was foreseen as not c ertain although the defendant did not desire the death. The most recent authority on intention is: R v Woollin (1998) The Times, July 23.5 (b) Intention to cause Grievous Bodily Harm (g.b.h) An intention to cause grievous bodily harm is evidenced when there is willingness for acceptance of a substantial risk that the victim in this case might actually die: R v Vickers [1957] 2 QB 664: 6 In England and Wales the law being used

Deliberative Democracy Essay Example for Free

Deliberative Democracy Essay To what extent is deliberative democracy an appropriate approach for resolving public policy problems? Definition of democracy. Deliberative approach as a type of democracy. Types of cases, when deliberative democracy is substituted by other types of democracy. The power of majority or the power of nation The power of minority or the power of representatives of interested parties The power of elite or power of professional politicians Deliberative forum as an important instrument of deliberative democracy. The deliberative democracy as continuation of traditions of former concepts in legal government. The deliberative democracy in works of Dewey, Cohen and Rippe. Cohen and his postulates of discourses. Habermas and his approach to deliberative democracy. Critical opinions regarding deliberative politics. Conclusion. Definition of democracy. We hear word â€Å"democracy† quite often in our everyday life. The main meaning of this word is easy to understand. But still, there are a lot of types of democracy. Let’s examine the most interesting kind of democracy – a deliberative democracy and find out, to what extent is deliberative democracy an appropriate approach for resolving public policy problems. Deliberative approach as a type of democracy. It is well known that democracy as a kind of organization of social-political life of the society is a preferable policy for any country. Still, we need to underline that democracy, as well as any other social-political system, is able to show it in different forms, depending on conditions. One of such forms is so-called deliberative democracy. It is such kind of â€Å"democracy, where citizens play the main role in political processes of society† (Barber Winter 1998-1999, p.588). Quite often it is called also a civil democracy. Actually, almost any nation in the world knows what it is, because such social-political system is quite ancient. Almost any nation had tradition of community, where they discussed problems and the ways how to solve these problems, as well as discussion and adoption of practical ways out. The role of citizen starts exactly from this point – from mutual discussion and action in politics within the limits of deliberative democracy. Such type of democracy supposes that a citizen is the effective political actor at the political scene of his country. It is also supposed that active citizen has a number of qualities, which are determined to define quality of his effectiveness. Such citizen has to be able to find out, to discuss and to feel responsibility for problems of his society and to be able to unite with other citizens in order to take decisions. It is also important to take into account all sides of political events, interests and values of other citizens and to find a common base to take effective and preferable decisions. Nevertheless, although such kind of democracy is very interesting, it is very difficult to develop and to maintain its vitality. Types of cases, when deliberative democracy is substituted by other types of democracy. One of the main conditions of existing of deliberative democracy is high level of political and legal competence of its citizens and their desire to participate in political process of their country. Deliberative democracy is changed into other types of problematical democracies when it is impossible to have such conditions. Let’s examine several types of such cases. a) The power of majority or the power of nation One of them is the power of majority or the power of nation. Such type of democracy is often called a direct majority system. The decisions are taken on the base of opinions of majority. The elements of such democracy are referendums, different kinds of Gallup polls and one-stage elections. As a result, process of politics becomes simpler and ability of society to solve difficult social problems is decreased. The power of minority or the power of representatives of interested parties The other kind of democracy is the power of minority or the power of representatives of interested parties. The main demand of this type of democracy, which is called a representative democracy, is that all layers of population have their representatives in the institutions of governing. The problem is that such kind of democracy often becomes anamorphous. In particular, separate groups, who have their interests, start to dominate in political system. As a result, politics, which is brought into society, becomes highly specialized and oriented on only those groups, whose representatives were able to lobby their interests at the governmental level. The power of elite or power of professional politicians Another type of democracy is the power of elite or power of professional politicians. Such type of democracy means that citizens â€Å"almost don’t take part in politics and become cynical in relation to political process† (Finley 1972, p.78). Such politics seems to be the matter of chosen (professionals and specialists) – politicians, managers of election campaigns, image-makers, lobbyists, sociologists, pressmen, etc. Technocratic approach makes this kind of democracy different and almost displaces the citizens from political scene. Deliberative forum as an important instrument of deliberative democracy. Deliberative democracy in comparison with these types of democracy is completely different. It brings into politics voices of citizens, which are ale to change something in political processes of their country. This voice is not associated with simple public opinion, defined by the Gallup polls, simple voting or protesting. Instruments, which help deliberative democracy to function in the modern society, are various. The â€Å"most important instrument of deliberative democracy is so-called deliberative forum† (Honig 1993, p.2). Such forum represents not a simple discussion of a problem, but strictly regulated discussion accordingly to a definite form. Before such forum takes place, its organizers – often it is a kind of initiative group from the number of active citizens – work out the form of problem’s discussion. Participants of this forum obey to the form of discussion with help of qualified moderators (people, who are responsible for the forum). The stages of forum are as follows: The participants share their experience of personal attitude regarding to the problem discussed. Moderator explains to the participants the essence of problem and gives three-four main approaches to solve it. He explains also possibilities to solve it practically, advantages and disadvantages of each approach as well. We have to note that approaches of variants of problem solving are prepared before the forum takes place and are made on the basis of dozens of small forums, Gallup polls, interviews with citizens, governmental authorities, different organizations and other parties, who are involved in problem, etc. The participants discuss approaches of problem solving and reach consensus basing on the most preferable position. It is also very important that participants of such a forum listen to discussions of their partners and can â€Å"change their opinion in the process of discussion† (Bohman 1997, p.343). The practice of such forum shows that situations, when participants of forum change their opinion and prefer other approach, represented by other working group, are quite often. It proves once more that deliberation (discussion) is very strong and important instrument of political influence on citizens and is very important in resolving political public problems. We need to note that deliberation is different from debates. Debates are based on principle that it is very important to prove your own opinion, your own point of view by proving ineffectiveness of your opponent’s opinion. Deliberation presupposes enrichment of your own opinion and gives possibility to reexamine it in the light of discussions and opinions of other participants. The participants work out practical actions for realization of chosen approach and decide when they have to meet the next time to continue chosen practical measures. Moderators make report on results of the forum and present the report to the parties which can be interested and which are able to influence resolving problem. Such report is presented to mass media as well. The deliberative democracy as continuation of traditions of former concepts in legal government. The deliberative democracy is opposed to the kinds of aforementioned democracies. It is also opposed to aggregative democracy, which reflects the results of compromises between the group interests. It is based not on the â€Å"balance of interests, but on the power of arguments for the sake of the good of all citizens† (Bohman, J. Rehg 1997, p.IX). The public sphere is examined as the scene of wide discourse of citizens and reproduces the base for idea of public sovereignty. This civil reflection is not limited by any pre-determined principles. It acts only within the limits of known procedure rules. Actually, the deliberative process is used as the democracy, which allows discovering the sense of taken decisions and their consequences for society in common. Such concept represents a reaction on crisis condition of modern forms of Western democracy. The model of deliberative democracy seems to be idealistic and very interesting. Such concept arouses the question of organic interaction of society and government. It focuses attention on modification of public sphere as the important point of civil activity and influence of civil activity on the governmental politics as well. The deliberative democracy continues traditions of â€Å"former concepts of legal government and is examined as democracy of rational discourse, discussion, conviction, argumentation and compromise† (Connolly 1991, p.1). It is based on the statement that a modern human is a citizen, who takes active part in the life of society. His roles in society as a client and consumer are mixed together with roles of participant in political and public processes. The modern human has tendency to non-belonging to any political party, because he is ready to make compromise and to refuse from his preferences to reach compromise. When we use tradition of legal government conception (particularly, the conception of Kant), we suppose that governmental-legal sphere should be examined to the maximum flexibility. It should be possible to take into account any new theme of discussion, opinions and re-examination of results. First of all we need to solve such problems as role of majority, opinions of minority, parliamentary responsibility and corporatism. The deliberative democracy in works of Dewey, Cohen and Rippe. Deliberative democracy is a concept, used by J. Dewey, which is examined in the modern political theory by such authors as Cohen, Rippe, Habermas, etc. Dewey proposed to refuse from usual understanding of democracy as political domination of majority and to examine the process from the other side, as way to obtain power by the majority of citizens. It can be done with help of public discourses and lobbying interests by social groups and minorities in different discussions and forums. â€Å"The rule of majority is as stupid, as critics speak about it. Still, it had never been only the rule of majority†¦ The means with help of which the majority becomes the majority, are much more important: debates, modification of opinions, discussions with minority, etc†¦ BY the other words, the efficient necessity of democracy is in improvement of methods and conditions of debates, discussions and forums†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Dewey 1954, p 207) So, the very concept of publicity of politics has more important results that the results of politics itself. The idea of deliberative democracy is based on intuition of publicity. It became an independent concept, which doesn’t understand the aim of politics to satisfy interests of all people separately as liberal doctrine. On the contrary, it is the model, oriented on forum, where â€Å"concepts about â€Å"good† for all people is discussed by means of mutual discussion of citizens† (Rippe 2001, p.141.). Cohen explains the method of constitution of the political society. He explains the concept of deliberative democracy by means of a definite ideal procedure of consultation and taking decisions in political institutions. â€Å"The concept of deliberative democracy is based on the intuitive ideal of democratic association, where the justification of rules and conditions of such association is made with help of public arguments and reflexion between the equal citizens. Deliberative politics stipulates that the parties should present grounds for their proposals, support or criticism The grounds should be presented clearly, and all participants can accept the proposal or refuse from it, presenting their critical points of view by means of free discussion between the equal† (Cohen 1989, p.25) Cohen and his postulates of discourses. In such a way, we can define a number of discourses, which are examined as political function and are able to constitute political public society. Cohen speaks about several postulates of such procedures: Such consultations should be made in argumentative form, i.e. by means of well-ordered information between the parties; Consultations should be open and public. Nobody can be excluded from the number of participants; Consultations are free and nobody can force the partner to accept a proposal, except by force of arguments; Consultations have the aim of rationally motivated agreement and can continue as long as possible. Still, the majority can take decision to stop them temporarily; Political consultations first of all should be the subject of discussion of problems, which are the most important and interesting; Political consultations also can be used for â€Å"interpretation of demands and pre-political postulates† (Cohen 1989, p.22). They shouldn’t be limited by valuable consensus, based on common tradition and practice. Habermas and his approach to deliberative democracy. We can see that postulates of deliberative democracy are, actually, the reflexion of discourse theory into politics. So, it is no wonder that the concept of deliberative politics was accepted by Habermas and examined in his book â€Å"Faktizità ¤t und Geltung†, basing on the concepts of discourse theory (Habermas 1998, p.35). Habermas examines new concept of civil society, taking closer concepts of civil society and political public. He retains world orientation, which is resulted on liberal political culture. At the same time he focuses attention on forms of communication, organization and institutionalization of people in communities, where they form opinions, ideas, ideals, motives, values and orientations of different kind. Such conception allows forming new civil society, â€Å"plural, effective and responsible†. Habermas tries to find the principles and values of new civil society in many-sided communication of individuals, groups, countries and regions. We can find also the motive of ambivalent attitude (inheritance and refusal at the same time) to Utopian tradition of modern as consensus of free individuals being the basis of righteous civil order, and with institutional problems of real capitalism. Habermas examines ideals of bourgeois humanism, such as self-organization, rational forming of political will, personal and collective self-determination, self-organization of society – at the background of cynical reality of the modern society. He changes the conceptual pair ideal-reality by the search of potential of rationality in everyday communicative practice. The last one is the basis of ideas, which finds expression in ideals of classical philosophy and continues to be important nowadays. He examines the concept of â€Å"public opinion† as formal structure of communication and presupposition of possibility to reach consensus. What are the ways to form political consensus, which is important for society self-organization? The model of deliberative democracy, supported by Habermas, supposes the ideal of society, consisting of free and equal individuals, who determine forms of mutual life in political communication. The concept of discussion and procedure of political problems and taking decisions is taken as criteria of democracy of the real political process. The procedure of forming opinions and will of the nation should be understood as democratic self-organization. The decision, which is supported by the majority of citizens, should be understood as the legal. Political communication should rationally form the will of participants. The problem of relations between the government and civil society should be examined through the prism of liberal and republican political traditions. The concept of society as a political value (societas civilis) equalizes democracy with political self-organization of society as the one body. It is based on republican tradition, which supports the ideas of Aristotle and Rousseau. The government as bureaucratic administrative mechanism should become a part of society as a whole. Deliberative democracy is not a simple power of citizens’ opinions. It is rather the possibility of power of reason, which is a result of citizens’ discussions. Coordination of plans of activity among the citizens supposes the constant standards of behavior, which stipulate and stabilize mutual social expectations. Stabilization of social character is executed thanks to mutual participation of citizens as well as communication, which coordinates activity of individuals. The aim of communication is to reach consensus. Critical opinions regarding deliberative politics. Still, there are some critical opinions regarding deliberative democracy. Let’s examine some of them. Critics write that the discussions can focus attention on different problems, which are found in the process of discussions. Those problems can influence on â€Å"positive taking decisions, because they can worsen situation by arousing different disagreements† (Held 1995, p.92). Even if the discussion helps to reach agreement, sometimes there are cases when such agreement is undesirable. People are able to get satisfaction from feeling of their â€Å"unevenness† and â€Å"difference†. And, on the contrary, they can think that consensus can lead to mediocrity. Such participants of discussion can understand the competition of ideas – dispute – to be vitally important for their personal freedom. Such institutional embodiments of thought lay on the basis of different attributes of democracy. So, we can resume, that the discussion not always leads to consensus. Also, when a discussion leads to consensus, it is not always can be examined as the advantage. The deliberative approach is criticized also because its aim is based on optimistic pre-suppositions regarding the government. Nevertheless, any theory has its weak points. Conclusion At the same time deliberative model of society focuses attention on personal rights of citizens, the principle of equality and practice of government. The ability to actualize those rights can be understood as ability to be a citizen in such deliberative society. Sharing position of Habermas, we can suppose that democratic society prepares the establishment of status of a liberal citizen. Such kind of participation in political processes of society is very important and actual in forming of â€Å"conscious† citizen and gives him possibility to participate in taking politically important decision and resolving public problems. In such a way, deliberative democracy presupposes education of responsible citizen, able to estimate difficulty of problems. Such citizen is able to accept legal interests of other interested groups (including traditional opponents). Principle of deliberative democracy generates the feeling of united nation and can be called an appropriate approach for resolving public policy problems. Works Cited: Barber, B. (Winter 1998-1999). Three Scenarios for the Future of Technology and Strong Democracy, â€Å"Political Science Quarterly†,vol. 113, â„â€"4 Bohman, J. (1997). â€Å"Deliberative Democracy and Effective Social Freedom: Capabilities, Resources, and Opportunities† in Deliberative Democrac, Essays on Reason and Politics, The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts-London Bohman, J. Rehg, W. (1997). (ed.) Deliberative Democracy, The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massach.-London, England Cohen, J. (1989). Deliberation and Democratic Legitimacy, Hablin A., Pettit B. (Hrsg.), The Good Polity, Oxford Connolly, W. (1991). Identity / Difference: Democratic Negotiations of Political Paradox, N.Y. Dewey, J. (1954). The Public and its Problems, Chicago Finley, M. (1972). Democracy, Ancient and Modern. New Brunswick Habermas, J. (1998). Faktizità ¤t und Geltung, Frankfurt a.M. Held, D. (1995). Democracy and the Global Order, From the Modern State to Cosmopolitan Governance, Cambridge, Great Britain Honig, Ð’. (1993). Political Theory and the Displacement of Politics, N.Y. Rippe, K.-P. (2001). Ethikkommissionen in der deliberativen Demokratie, Kettner M. (Hrsg.), Angewandte Ethik als Politikum. Frankfurt

John Calvin :: essays papers

John Calvin John Calvin was the founder of the Calvinist faith, the Presbyterian denomination of Christianity today. Calvin was born and died in 1564. John Calvin was one of the chief leaders of the Protestant Reformation. From his early life and start in Protestantism, to his life in Geneva, and the Proclamation of his faith, Calvin was an incredible individual. Calvin was born in Noyon, France, near Compiegne. His father was a lawyer for the Roman Catholic Church. Young Calvin was educated in Paris, Orleans and Bourges. Calvin planned to be a lawyer as his father was, but it is likely that he never inwardly committed himself to that career. With his father died in May of 1931, Calvin was free to make his choice. He completed his doctorate in law but then came to study Greek and Latin and the University of Paris. Calvin's life then took a new direction that he refers to as a "sudden conversion". He writes about his experience in the introduction to his Commentary on the Psalms written in 1557: "Since I was more stubbornly addicted to the superstitions of the Papacy than to be easily drawn out of so deep a mire, God subdued my heart-too stubborn for my age-to docility by a sudden conversion." Therefore, by 1533 Calvin had declared himself a Protestant. In 1534 Calvin moved to Basel, Switzerland where there, two years later in 1536, he published his first edition on Institutes of the Christian Religion. Calvin's book was the most influential work in the development of the Protestant churches of the Reformed tradition. It sets forth his basic ideas of religion, and he expanded it throughout his life. After much persuasion in 1536, Calvin became a leader of Geneva's first group of Protestant pastors, even though he was probably never ordained a priest. In 1538, Calvin and some of the other Protestant pastors were banished for their strict doctrines. While Calvin was banished from Geneva he became the pastor of a French refugee Protestant church in Strasbourg, Germany. There he met Martin Baucer who greatly influenced him. Calvin adapted many of Baucer's ideas on church government and worship. Also while in Strasbourg, Calvin met and married Idelette de Bure, a widow. The couple's only child died in infancy. In 1541 the Geneva city council begged Calvin to return due to their lack of able religious and political leadership. Calvin's wife died in 1549 and he never remarried. Calvin developed a constitution for Geneva with dealt with both secular and sacred matters.

Atacama region border dispute between chile and bolivia

Atacama border conflict is one of the longest border conflicts in the world.   It was a border conflict between Chile and Bolivia in the 1800s and ended up with signing of the Peace Treaty between Chile and Bolivia in 1904 and Chile and Bolivia in 1929.At the end of the conflict, Chile annexed all the coastal strip of Bolivia and the southern tip of Peru.   At a point in the course of the conflict, Argentina was drawn into the conflict resulting to its annexation of Bolivian territory which as controlled by Chile.Even after the signing of the peace treaty, the conflict seems to be going on since Bolivia still claim to be granted the sovereign access to Pacific Ocean even after annexation of its costal strip.   Although the area as owned by Bolivia and Peru, Chile continued with mining mineral rights even after the signing of the treaty which as Bolivia list it entire coastal line making it landlocked country.The main cause of the conflict was the abundance of mineral in the Ata cama Desert. Atacama Desert is the driest desert on either with little human inhabitation. However, it is very rich in minerals especially sodium nitrate.This paper will review the Atacama Desert conflict. The paper will first review the geographical background of the Atacama Desert before going into details of the course of the conflict.   The paper will review the main factors that may have fueled the conflict, the course of the conflict and the results of the conflict.Geographical background of the regionThe region of conflict was lying in the Atacama Desert.   Atacama Desert it located in Chile and it covers more than one third of the northern side of Chile stretching for more than 1000 Km. It straddles the Southern border of the country with Peru.The desert is bound on its Westside by dry hills and mounts and on the pacific cost side extending eastward to the Andes Mountains (MundonAndino, 2009).   Atacama is about 13,000 feet high making it the highest and the coldest de sert in the world.The atacama is the direst place on earth.   It is very sterile since it is blocked from the getting moisture by the Andes Mountain and the coastal Chilean Coast Ranges.The center of the  Ã‚   desert has been referred by climatologist as the absolute desert on earth. As long as climatologists have recorded rainfall in the world, there is no rain that has been recorded in the central part of the desert.   However, some areas in the desert have recorded annual average rainfall between 0.6 and 2.1 mm leading to growth of sparsely distributed vegetations.In the area where no rainfall has been recorded, the only moisture in these areas comes from the dense fogs which are called camanchaca formed from the association of cold air and ocean currents which originate from the Antarctic regions.   Life in Atacama is one of the most complexes since this fog is harvested by both plants and animals alike.   The human beings living in Atacama harvest the fog and use the fog nets which capture the fogs and turn it to drinking water (Veblen and Kenneth 2000, p. 26).The landscape is the same as it meteorology.   The landscape consists of plateaus covered by lava flows and basins of salt.   From the image above, the conspicuous white area is a Salt Flat which is located few miles south of one of the small village in San Pedro which is regarded as the epicenter of the desert.Atacama is one of the sparsely population areas on earth.   However, there is an oasis at the middle of the desert which is elevated 200 meters where the village of San Pedro De Atacama lies.   Apparenlty this is a church which was constructed by Spanish conquerors around 1577 (Fernand 1984, p. 59)).Before the conquest by Spanish, the area was mainly inhabited by Atacameno tribe which is credited with the construction of the some fortified towns referred to as pucaras. With the coming of Spanish Empire, there was remarkable growth of cities and tow along the coast  Ã‚   wh ich were mainly due to growth of silver trade mined in Potosi and other mines around the desert.Archeological evidence also shows that San Pedro de Atacama could have been the center for Paleolithic civilizations. Other important mines which are located in the desert include Escondida mine and Chuquicamata mines.Despite the ragged and dry landscape, Atacama is very rich in minerals.   It is a rich source of copper and nitrates which has been the subject of conflict for along time.The whole desert is awash with abandoned nitrate mines. Apart from this, the desert has scientific importance as it is being used by scientists to study the possible survival tactics used by the inhabitants (Absolute Astronomy, 2009). Scientists have showed that the soil at the center of the Atacama Desert is like that in mass and the life in the desert could give important clues to possibility of life in mars.

Mattel Toy Recall Essay

1. What are the main issues involved in the case? Mattel had five recalls in 2007 involving over 21 million toys. The problems were related to lead paint and poorly designed magnets. Most of the toys were made in China, which caused them to question the reliability of the Chinese manufacturers. At first, Mattel tried to put all the blame on the Chinese manufacturers as a denial tactic. They also claimed the media and government overly magnified the crisis. Mattel also failed to notify the CPSC of the defects within the time limit of 24 hours. It took them nearly a month and a half to notify the CPSC. Even though the recalls were in 2007, there were incidents/injuries reported in 2003 with children needing surgery because of the toy defects. One death was recorded. 2. Identify the major stakeholders and state how the issues in the case affect each stakeholder. Competitors: Because Mattel is such a large and trusted company that outsources, customers were nervous to trust other companies that outsourced. Who was to say they did not have the same issues as Mattel? Investors: Stocks dropped and investors lost money. They ended up suing based on allegations of failure to disclose recalls in a timely manner, and failure to have proper protocols to avoid recalls. Customers: Many children were injured and required surgery, and one child even died. Parents lost faith in Mattel and created lawsuits against them. Employees: Because of the accusations on the Chinese manufacturers, job security in China all but diminished. Job security and pay decreased in America too because of the fines from the CPSC, and the cost of the recalls. 3. How could this case be viewed from an ethical perspective? It was Mattel’s job to report the incident in a specific time limit, which they failed to do. They could have warned parents approximately a month and a half earlier, possibly saving children from painful injuries and surgeries. Mattel also put the blame on the Chinese and did not own up to their own mistakes. 4. What final conclusions or recommendations would you draw? Immediately tackle any issues or problems that arise to avoid a larger fiasco. Implement higher standards and checks to ensure the safety of the products. Follow all government statues and be sure that the outsource countries have the same or similar regulations and priorities that we hold.

Play opens aboard a ship in the midst of a tempestuous storm Essay Example

Play opens aboard a ship in the midst of a tempestuous storm Essay Example Play opens aboard a ship in the midst of a tempestuous storm Essay Play opens aboard a ship in the midst of a tempestuous storm Essay Essay Topic: The Tempest Act One Play opens aboard a ship in the midst of a tempestuous storm. The king of Naples and his entourage enter. They dont seem to realise the full importance of the storm much to the annoyance of the Boatswain; you mar our labour, keep your cabins, you do assist the storm. The king and his entourage return to their cabins to pray as they realise their doom. The next scene introduces us to Miranda and her father Prospero Miranda confronts her father because she believes he conjured up the storm; if by your art (my dearest father) you have the wild waters in this roar, allay them. Prospero tells her no harm was done to anybody aboard the brave vessel Miranda learns how they came to be on the island. Prospero was the Duke of Milan but his brother usurped him and left Prospero and baby Miranda drift out to sea in a leaky boat. Miranda is clearly shocked by his story; your tale, sir, would cure deafness. Prospero sends Miranda into an enchanted sleep and calls Ariel. Ariel tells Prospero nobody was hurt in the ship wreck; Not a hair perishd: on their sustaining garments not a blemish. Ariel asks Prospero, after twelve years of service if he will free her. Prospero angered, tells the story of how he freed Ariel from Sycoraxs magic and then agrees to release Ariel; After two days, I will release thee. Ariel leaves and Caliban is called upon by Prospero; Come forth I say. come thou tortoise. Prospero hates Caliban for trying to rape Miranda; thou didst seek to violate the honour of my child. Caliban hates Prospero too, and recalls how he was once the ruler of the island, before Prospero and Miranda arrived; this islands mine, by my mother Sycorax. Caliban leaves and Ariel returns with Ferdinand, Prince of Naples believing his father is dead. Both Miranda and Ferdinand upon sight of each other are smitten. Miranda is curious for shes never seen another man; what is t spirit? Prospero tells Ferdinand he must work for him before marrying Miranda. Act Two Scene opens with Alonso, the King upset because he thinks his only son Ferdinand is dead. Gonzalo is doing his best to comfort the King to no avail and Sebastian and Anthonio make a joke out of it all and mock Gonzalos good nature. Fie, what a spendthrift is he of his tongue! Ariel enters and sends Alonso, Gonzalo, Adrian and Francisco into an enchanted sleep. Anthonio and Sebastian plot to kill Alonso and Gonzalo. Here lies your brother. if he were that which now hes like (thats dead) whom I with this obedient steel three inches of it can lay to bed forever Ariel awakens Gonzalo and the others just as Sebastian and Anthonio raise their swords. ALONSO: Why are you drawn? Sebastian and Anthonio say they heard a hollow burst of bellowing and drew their swords. They are believed. Play cuts to Caliban cursing Prospero. All the infections that the sun sucks up from bogs, fens, flats, on Prosper fall and make him by inchmeal a disease! Trinculo, the court jester enters and Caliban mistakes him for one of Prosperos spirits and hides under his cloak. Trinculo gets under the cloak to hide from the rain and thinks Caliban is a strange fish Were I in England now (as once I was) and had but this fish painted, not a holiday fool there but would give a piece of silver. Stephano, the court Butler enters rather drunk and singing. He sees what he believes is a two headed beast and gives him some wine to remove his fit Caliban has never tasted alcohol before and likes it so much he believes Stephano is a God and looks upon him as a new master. Trinculo and Stephano are reunited when Stephano realises that Caliban doesnt have two heads really. Act Three Prospero has set Ferdinand the task of carrying heavy logs. Miranda offers to help him but he declines. This my mean task would be as heavy to me as odious, but the mistress which I serve quickens whats dead, and makes my labours pleasures. As Miranda and Ferdinand grow closer, Prospero enters and Miranda pleads with him to stop being so harsh to Ferdinand. Miranda agrees to marry Ferdinand. I am your wife, if you will marry me; We now see Caliban, Stephano and Trinculo again all drunk. Ariel wreaks havoc between them by imitating Trinculos voice calling Caliban a liar. Caliban becomes aggravated and Stephano punches Trinculo. Trinculo, if you trouble him any more ins tale, by this hand, I will supplant some of your teeth. Together they plot to kill Prospero and then Stephano will become King of the island. Ariel hears everything and returns to Prospero. This will I tell my master. Scene three opens with the royal party again. Anthonio and Sebastian are still plotting to kill the King and Gonzalo. Prospero conjures up a banquet for the King and his entourage. Alonso is amazed. What harmony is this? My good friends hark! The strange shapes have put down a banquet and vanished. The party go to eat the food and Ariel enters disguised as a harpy and the banquet vanishes. Ariel addresses the Royals who stand amazed and fearful at the sight of the harpy. You are three men of sin, whom destiny that hath to instrument this lower world and what is int, the never surfeited sea hath caused to belch up you Once Ariel leaves, Alonso remorses his involvement in the vanquishing of Prospero and his daughter and believes that destiny killed his son because of it. The name of Prosper. It did bass my trespass. Therefore my son Ith ooze is bedded. Sebastian and Anthonio still do not see sense and vow to fight their legions oer. Act Four Prospero explains to Ferdinand that if the tasks he set were too harsh it was because he wanted to see whether Ferdinand was a suitable match for Miranda. If I have too austerely punished you, your compensation makes amends, for I have given you here a third of mine life. Prospero warns Ferdinand that if he takes Mirandas virginity before they are properly married then he shall make them childless. Ferdinand assures him he will preserve Mirandas honour. Ariel is called upon to conjure a masque. Enter Iris, Junos and Ceres, the cosmic union of earth and air, fire and water and they sing songs of chaste love. Upon this man and maid, whose vows are that no bed-right shall be paid till hymens torch be lighted. Iris calls upon nymphs and sickle men to perform a dance. This represents to Miranda and Ferdinand a dance of fertility. Prospero remembers the plot to kill him by Caliban and his new master Stephano and becomes angry. I had forgot that foul conspiracy of the beast Caliban and his confederates against my life. Ariel informs Prospero that Caliban and company are all drunk; red-hot with drinking, so full of valour they smote the air Prospero decides to make his enemies suffer. Caliban, Stephano and Trinculo enter and discover a line of glistening apparel They take the clothes and try them on. Ariel has led them through bracken and brambles and swamps and they have lost the remainder of their alcohol. Caliban grows impatient and reminds Stephano of the plot to kill Prospero. Prospero unleashes his spirits in the shape of dogs and hounds, on Caliban, Stephano and Trinculo. Go charge my goblins that they grind their joints with dry convulsions. Act Five Ariel gently persuades Prospero to take pity on the King and forgive his enemies. In a bid to end everyones suffering, Prospero calls the Royal Entourage into a circle with his magic. Ye elves of hills, brooks, standing lakes and grovesand deeper than ever did plummet sound Ill drown my book. At the end of his long speech where he vows to give up magic and live his last days as mortal, the Royals are stood in a circle around him charmed. Awakening from their trance, the Royals gasp at the sight of Prospero. Behold, sir King, the wronged Duke of Milan, Prospero! Prospero tells the King of the plot Sebastian and Anthonio devised to kill him and tells Anthonio his opinion of him. He then forgives Anthonio for his wrongdoing. Whom to call brother would even infect my mouth, I do forgive thy rankest fault. Prospero then brings in Ferdinand and Miranda and Alonso is overjoyed that his son is not dead and also that he has found a wife. Miranda is amazed by the circle of men and touches them all in turn. O wonder! How many goodly creatures are there here! The Boatswain and the Master enter and takes everyone to the newly recovered ship that but three glasses since we gave out split is tight and yare and bravely rigged as when we first put out to sea. Before they leave, Ariel drives in Caliban, Stephano and Trinculo. They are all punished for their plot and actions. Caliban seeks forgiveness from Prospero and regrets ever worshipping Stephano. What a thrice-doubled ass was I to take this drunkard for a god and worship this dull fool. Ariel is freed by Prospero, and vanishes immediately. Once everybody has returned to the ship, Prospero delivers a long speech in which he relinquishes his magic for his dukedom. He talks subtly about his death, which he believes will come very soon after he returns to Milan. But release me from my bands with the help of your good hands. And my ending is despair, unless I be received by prayer Let your indulgence set me free.

Sociolinguistics Essays

Sociolinguistics Essays Sociolinguistics Essay Sociolinguistics Essay The book discuses topics on sociolinguistics such as differences in language, language diversity, code-switching, prototype, speech, anthropological linguistics, linguistic and social disparity, gender difference and educational inferences of sociolinguistics. This second edition added up new segment on civility and courtesy, accommodation and samples. He also opened out the discussion about sex differences, association between language and thought and speech. As discussed in his first edition, language variety, speech as a social interaction and its quantitative study keep on.This is a very intriguing book. Hudson makes several statements but conflict with what he wants to articulate. For example, on page 11, he says â€Å"no two speakers have the same language, because no two speakers have the same experience of language† (Hudson, 1996)and â€Å"Effectively, the ‘socio-‘of ‘sociolinguistics is redundant.† This is somewhat in c lash with his conventional conception about language, assortment, dialect and speech communities in his second chapter. He disputes the subsistence of them and can’t be used as a theoretical constructs.In some topics, the association of the topics is not intact but rather same topics can be found anywhere within the book. The author seems to â€Å"beat around the bush† where ideas are circling back on itself. The author argue the work of both Labov and Chomsky without clear explanations about what he is trying to say and what he want reader to understand. His arguments about variance of his idea against Labov and Chomsky are incomprehensible arguments. Specifically, his explanations about the section on quantitative study of speech are very poor. In addition, the graphs being used are poorly labeled or unlabeled. In explaining the authors ideas, there’s no precision and exactness. In page 16, For instance, he says â€Å"As for morphology, this is left out altog ether, which again makes for ease of learning†¦.† (Hudson, 1996) .A reader can’t grasp how morphology has been left out altogether. There are so many explanations in the book without clear thoughts and sometimes careless.The significant role of the book can be taken seriously in the first two chapters of the seven chapters. For example, he makes significant arguments about varieties of language. He says, in pages 23-24,   that language should be taken into account as â€Å"a phenomenon including all languages of the world and then stresses that there is variety among languages is difficult to hunt down (Hudson, 1996). However, he concludes that varieties are not present. Rather, aspects of language may vary. People have different ways on how they use their language. People have different items on how they utter their language. Every people have a â€Å"part of the set† in the items they have in their language.In chapters three through six, he makes a sign ificant notion of several concepts of sociolinguistics. According to Hudson, sociolinguistics deals with the study of language in relation with the society. I find very interesting in chapter three – Language, culture and thought. Specifically, his arguments about prototypes and sexism in the language system are very good which I found to be attractive. It can give details about indistinct boundaries of concepts where critical feature cannot. Language maintenance and alterations are very difficult to analyze. However, due to Hudson’s prototype theory which asserts that it is the groundwork for Fishman’s speech domain concept, the evaluation and investigation of language preservation and modification becomes is being facilitated.Chapter Four, â€Å"Speech as Social Interaction,† is difficult to analyze the ideas presented. Topics under the subject lack thorough discussion on the recent studies on speech acts, speech events and dialogue analysis.I was attra cted oh how the author could encourage the accuracy of his work by using some statistical methods such as sampling, structured interview and by using variables. Researches conducted by the author add to the reliability of the authors ideas. The concept about sampling is not discussed thoroughly in the book even it does not appear. However, sampling can be implicitly understood in the book. Chapter 5, a quantitative study of speech, where discusses selection of â€Å"different types of housing and a range of social status†¦.† (Hudson, 2007, p.60) can be used to implicitly understand sampling, a selection process of different units from a population, called the sample, to make an inference from the whole population. In other words, it is a process of determining characteristics or parameters of the whole population by selecting a suitable representative part of it (Mugo, 2004).In addition, I found interested on how the author used structured interview for he could make con clusions from a certain research. From the book, I know that this kind of interview, where an evaluator asks same questions to every interviewee offering them the identical responses, is very efficient in data gathering (ERIC/AE Staff, 2007). He emphasizes that structured interview â€Å"have used fewer than a hundred speakers and increasing the number of speakers tends to be counterproductive the analytical (Hudson, 2007, p. 160).The use of the quantitative variable by the author helps to capture the thought about quantitative difference. Linguistic variable refers to â€Å"a set of related dialect forms all of which mean the same thing and which correlate with some social grouping in the speech community† (Britain, 2005).Although the book is used a course text, it must have suggested reading, projects or suggestions for additional information for readers to know. Also, the bibliography and index is poor in construction.The book, first, is a very good example resource for people who want to have background about sociolinguistics, the language with a society and the society with a language. However, I would like to stress some main points. Since the focus of the is mainly on theoretical aspects, it is not best recommended for those who want to take practical research. This could be a great resource about sociolinguistics if it will provide readers the clear and thorough understanding about the subject matter. Another, I like on how the author organized his ideas by making conclusions after a certain topic. The conclusion allows me to check the accuracy of his idea. Also, it gave me the importance of each topic discussed.

How to Get Leadership Experience in Your Extracurriculars

How to Get Leadership Experience in Your Extracurriculars SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Extracurriculars are a significant part of your college application, and just participating in an extracurricular is not enough. Colleges don’t want participants. Colleges want leaders. If you want to stand out, it’s not sufficientto be the president of a club. Colleges want leaders who takeinitiative and get their goals accomplished. How can you become a successful leader in your extracurricular? What are good leadership activities for high schoolers? In this article, I’ll guide you through the whole process of becoming a successful leader: from deciding where to focus your efforts to implementing your plan to describing your achievements on a college application. Why Is Leadership Experience Important? Demonstratingleadership is one of the most important parts of your college application. It's almost required to get into a top college, and having great leadership experience can help compensate for another area of your application that isn't quite as strong as you'd like it to be.Admissions officers like to see students take control in their high school extracurricular activities and show off their leadership skills. Why do admissions officers care about leadership? Colleges hope that the applicants they admit will go on to be leaders on their campus and leaders out in the world.Colleges want their alumnito have a significant and beneficial impact on the world.Admissions officers use your high school extracurricular activities as a way to judge if you have the interest and ability to be a leader. What do colleges look for in leadership experience? As I said before, simply having a leadership title in one of your extracurriculars is not enough (most high-achievinghigh school students have a leadership role in an extracurricular), you need to be a leader who makes an impact. What Is Impact? Impact is making a real difference: leading your club to raise $5,000 for breast cancer research, leading your team as captain to the national championship, leading your club to collect 1,000 cans of food to donate to your local food back, etc. In general, your impact should be measurable by a number amount (i.e. $1,000 raised or 500 students attended the event) or by meeting a big goal (i.e. getting to the state or national level of competition). You should be able to say, "Under my leadership, the student council raised $5,000 to make prom free for all students" or "Under my leadership, our math team went from not making the regional competition to winning the state championship." It's important to show impactbecause, as I mentioned above, most high-achieving high school students will have some leadership role on their application. Not many students will have made a true impact.Impact is difficult to achieve, but I will guide you through the process in the steps below. You want to stand out from other applicants! What Are Ivy League Schools Looking For? If you’re hoping to attend an Ivy League school, I recommend that you tryto get leadership experience in your main area of interest. What do I mean by that?The Ivy League no longer wants well-rounded students (who do varied activities such as tennis, drama, student government, and volunteering at an animal shelter). By participating in such a wide range of activities, very, very selective colleges (the Ivy League and Stanford) may see your well-roundedness as a lack of focus. The Ivy League schools want experts.They want students who specialize in one general area.For example, if your passion is drama, you should join the drama club, do regional theater, compete in the drama categories with your speech and debate team, write an original play, and/or volunteer with a children’s theatergroup.Specializing in one area doesn’t mean only doing one activity. If drama is your focus, don’t just be an inactive member of your drama club. You need to do more than that to impress the Ivy League. As I said above, you need to make an impact. Whatever one thing you choose to be an expert in,I recommend you also try to become a leaderin that field.If you’re a number 1 ranked tennis player, consider trying to run for team captain at your school,founding a club to teach children how to play tennis, and hosting a tennis competition to raise money for breast cancer.If you’re a mathlete, consider running for a mathlete board position, holding a Pi day fundraiser for charity where you sell pies, and starting a club to help students with their math homework. Whether or not you’re hoping to attend an Ivy League school, you should still try to showleadership and make an impact in your extracurriculars. If you’re not gunning for the Ivy League, you don’t have to worry about focusing on one area of expertise.However, you still need leadership experience because it’s impressive to all colleges, and, as I said before, it can help you get accepted or make up for another area of your application if it isn't quite as strong as you'd like it to be. Which way do you go to get leadership experience? How Can You GetLeadership Experience? If colleges want to see meaningful leadership experience, you should try to get it! Buthow can you become a leader?Your first thought might be to think of traditional high school leadership activitiessuch as being on student council. Student council is not necessarily the best leadership experience for all applicants.There are many other ways to showleadership. Below, I give you my top four options: Option #1: Become a Board Member, Club President, or Team Captain You can become club president or team captain by getting good at whatever the main club activity is, cultivating relationships with teammates or other club members, and doing more work than is just required. Show that you're willing to do more work than expected by offering to help with the events (come early, help with set up/organizing, help with clean up, etc.). Don’t expect to become club president immediately as a freshman.I recommend you try to work your way up to becoming a top leader in the club. Start in a smaller position such as secretary or treasurer your freshman or sophomore year, and then move up to vice president and then to president. All during this time you need to be making relationships with teammates or club members and showyou're willing to work hard. That was my strategy to become my high school’s student government president, and it worked! Option #2: Starta New Club in Your Area of Interest Before founding a new club, brainstorm what you'd want that club to be, come up with ideas for what the club's purpose would b,e andtalk to people with similar interests to see if they'd be interested in the club. For more information, read about how to start a club in high schooland check out our list of clubs to start in high school. If you’re nervous or unsure about starting a new club, consider first trying to plan a new event or project for an existing club.For example, if a math club exists, consider planning an event at which the math club offers free tutoring to other students struggling with math.If your planned event goes well, you’ll feel that much more confident and ready to start your own club. Option #3: Lead a Project in Your Area of Interest Before leading a project, you should help a current club or charity plan an event or host a fundraiser. That way you can learn how to organize a successful event or fundraiser. You'll see how that person did it, get advice, and see how successful they are. Talk to classmates about what kind of fundraiser they'd enjoy, and see if any classmates would be interested in helping you. Option #4: Increase Participation inan Activity In order to make a real impact, I'd suggest trying to get the number of participants or attendees for a club, fundraiser, or similar event above 50 (100 or more is better). Before you attempt to increase participation, you need to see how that event or club runs. Offer to help the person currently responsible for planning that event or the person who is responsiblefor club recruitment. See what they do that works and what they do that doesn't. Ask people who attend club events what they liked, disliked, and what suggestions they have for improvement. Take all of this into consideration when trying to increase participation in a club or event. DISCLAIMER: I do recommend joining student council if that’s your â€Å"expertise.† If you’re hoping to be a political science major in college and want to be a politician someday, go ahead and join student council and make that your â€Å"expertise.† If you need advice on how to run for student council, check out our other article. However, don’t just join student council to add to your list of extracurriculars and to make yourself seem like a leader. How Should YouDecideWhich Leadership ActivitiestoDo? I've listed a whole bunch of options above, but which should you do?Take the time to make a list of all the potential leadership opportunities in your area of interest.Check out my examples to help get started: Expertise: Film Potential Leadership Roles: Become a board member of the film club that currently exists at my school. I like foreign films. I’m going to create a foreign film club where we watch a new foreign film every week and discuss it. I am going to start a donation drive where I collect people’s old VHSs and DVDs (along with DVD and VHS players) and donate them to a local hospital so the patients will have movies to watch. Expertise: Art Potential Leadership Roles: Become a board member of the art club that currently exists at my school. Host a student art sale at a local gallery to raise money for breast cancer. Organize and teach a weekly painting class at a local nursing home. Expertise: Science Potential Leadership Roles: Compete in ScienceOlympiad. Organize and teach a weekly science class after school to elementary school students. Start a robotics club or team. Expertise: Politics Potential Leadership Roles: Compete on the debate team. Join the school newspaper and start a political column. Start a Democrat/Republican/Independent club or a general politics club. I’d recommend trying to come up with at least three ideas, but five or moreis ideal.Why do you need so many ideas?Not all ideas will be winners. You need to analyze what you’re most interested in doing and what’ll be impressive to colleges. What will be impressive to colleges?A leadership experience in which you’re active and made a tangible difference. As I said before, you need to have impact, and it should be measurable and make a tangible difference. For my collection drive idea (in the film section), while it might work, I may not be able to collect all that many Blu-Rays, DVDs and VHSs as many people are now just buying films through Apple TV/Roku.If I only collect 20 movies, that will not be very impressive to colleges and will not make a tangible difference. However,if I do decide to do the drive and manage to collect 1,000 movies, that’s a tangible difference. Try to narrow your choices down to 1 or 2 that you know you’re passionate about and that you know will be impressive to colleges. Tips on How to Follow Through WithYour LeadershipActivity Once you narrow down your choices to the final one or two that you’ll do, how should you go about actually developingyour leadership in these areas?I recommend writing down what you plan to do on a piece of paper and putting it somewhere important (like your desk) where you’ll see it every day, so it’ll keep you motivated.Tell your parents/guardians about your goal. They’ll be impressed, and you’ll be more motivated now that they know your plan. Create a timeline of goals or an action plan to meet in order to execute your plans.Start with today (whether you’re a freshman, sophomore, junior or senior)Create actionable goals for today. Make these something you can do rightnow:â€Å"I’ll join the math club.† Create goals for later this year.Once you join some organization(s), youcan then start looking for or creating leadership opportunities: "I'm going to run for math club treasurer." Next, create goals for next year (and every year you have left of high school) to build on that initial leadership experience and expand your impact.â€Å"I’ll run for math club president, and I’ll start a charity drive for graduating seniors to donate their calculators to students who can’t afford one. I’ll recruit other math club members to spread the word about the calculator donation drive by making announcements in their classes and giving fliers to their teachers to put up in their classrooms.† Why is creating a timeline oraction plan important?It’s easy to procrastinate and avoid taking the leap to becoming a leader.It can feel daunting. It’s hard to imagine being elected president of a club when you’re not even a member yet or when you haven’t held a position or planned an event.However, your action plan should show you that your goal is achievable! You just need to take the appropriate small steps to get there. How to Include Leadership Experience on College Applications On your college applications, you’ll be able to list your leadership experience under extracurricular activities. You’ll only have 150 characters to describe your activities, so use those words wisely. With these 150 characters, you should try to describe what you did in your leadership role (what events did you plan/run), and describe your impact(how much did you fundraise, how many people showed up to your event).You will not be able to use complete sentences! Start with an action verb such as created, executed, planned, or developed.Here are some examples: Extracurricular: President of the Foreign Film Club Description: Founded club, grew to 15 members, raised $5000 to direct foreign film, won 1st prize at local film festival. Extracurricular: President of the Art Club Description: Doubled membership from 20 to 40 members, raised $2000 for brain tumor research through a student art sale. Extracurricular: Speech Debate Competitor Description: Placed 1st in the Blue Key Speech and Debate tournament in Congress competition 3 years in a row. Essentially, you want your 150 characters to show your leadership and your impact.For more in-depth information, read our guide on How to Write About Extracurriculars On College Applications If you feel you need to say more, you can add it in the additional information section of your Common App (it’s under "Writing").However, only add more if you truly have new information to add.For example, if you wrote: "Founded club, grew to 15 members, raised $5000 to direct foreign film, won 1st prize at local film festival", you don’t need to explain that you set up an Indiegogo page to raise the money and that you created a teaser/trailer for the Indiegogo fundraiser.However, if you also organized a film screening for charity and raised $10,000 for lymphoma research, then make sure you add that! It’s brand new information and very impressive! Don’t worry if you feel like you didn’t get to explain your activity in enough depth.You can potentially write about it as a part of your Common App Essay.One of the Common App Essay prompts asks you to discuss an accomplishment. You can talk about your leadership roleas an example of an accomplishment.For more advice on how to write a great college essay, check out our other guide. What’s Next? You should learn more about what makes an amazing extracurricular activity for you college applications. Also, learn about how many extracurricular activities you need for college. Interested in learning about uniqueextracurricular opportunities? Learn more about job shadowing, community service, and volunteer abroad programs. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Pros of technology in society Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Pros of technology in society - Term Paper Example However, human have normal tendencies of failures and shortcomings due to imperfection and limitations. Legal and ethical aspects of computer technology were not able to keep up with the rapid race of technology, that tend to create social, legal and ethical concerns that considered important aspects of our lives. Even then, this paper will discuss that technology being weighed against its cons, is still considerably a blessing to human society. Technology: A Blessing Introduction The world’s lifestyles have always undergone change. Largely because technology has sparked a continuous revolution that had a profound effect on human society. What was innovative in yesterday is redundant today, and what is trendy today will be obsolete tomorrow. However, rapid changes on technology have a marked impact in the business world, medical advances, education field, and social life, as well. Imagine having at your fingertips a collection of literature that would rival some of the worldâ €™s greatest libraries. Imagine millions of articles and similar items from thousands of books, magazines, newspapers, and other works that would fit on your desk. Students and educators benefited a lot. Even medical researchers can assimilate updated information at a glance. Imagine the comfort and convenience of electronic emails to business entities. Aside from the convenience and comfort, this advancement on technology creates a productive human society. But despite of these benefits on advancing technology, legal and ethical aspects of the internet are not able to keep pace with rapid revolution of technology that tend to create social, legal and ethical concerns that deals with â€Å"protection of intellectual property, prevention of fraud, protection of freedom of expression versus problems of defamation, protection of privacy, control of internet indecency versus free speech, and control of spamming† (â€Å"Study Guide: Legal and Ethical Aspects†, n.d, intr oduction section, para.1). Likewise, an article entitled â€Å"Social and ethical issues in computer science†(n.d), described computer technology as a double-edged sword because of the technological issues on potential dilemma of loss of privacy and theft besides its significant industrial revolution (p.2). Absolutely, there is no perfect technology. Since, the rapid computer revolution has overtaken the development of legal and ethical aspects that supposed to guide the application of computer innovations, there are only few clear rules that govern ethical computer behavior. Therefore, Computer and Information Ethics, or computer ethics, in a more specific term, is being designated as the branch of applied ethics that studies and analyzes social and ethical impacts of information and communication technology, and may also refer to kind of professional ethics wherein computer professionals apply standards of good practice within their profession (Computer and Information ethi cs, 2008). However, despite the risk that technology offers, at present, the main thrust of research` seems to focus on continuous improvement of technology that is already available. Most often, successive steps in technology are revolutionary and bring improvements that are hundreds of times better. Technical Issues According to Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2008), American scholar Norbert Wiener was the founder of the new branch of applied science of â€Å"cybernetics† in the mid 1940s, which is now known to us as â€Å"

Financing a Business Magazine Article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Financing a Business Magazine Article - Essay Example Even though, in common instances, credit has been rendered to the small businesses of developing countries such as India, Brazil, China, and South African states among others, the small businesses sectors in developed nations including the US and the UK can also be noted as major constituents of economic growth (Mahembe, 2011). Source: (Mahembe, 2011) Enthusiastically, based on these statistical findings and economic affirmations, small businesses have been connoted as the â€Å"powerhouse† and even as â€Å"most powerful engines of growth and jobs† within an economy (Banks, 2012). It is certainly for this particular reason that authoritative bodies, in the global economy today, intends to render greater emphasis and strategic support to these sectors, helping them to grow, sustain and compete. However, in the realistic scenario, these ‘powerhouses’ often have to face various hazards which are mostly concerned with the availability of adequate resources req uired to sustain the business in the long-run. Finance is an important requirement for the formation of any business allowing it to explore and take advantages of opportunities with the purpose of expansion and support to the daily operations. Literally stating, finance is a lubricant for any business to sustain their functions successfully in highly dynamic modern business circumstances (INFLIBNET Centre, 2010). As a matter of fact, without adequate availability of finances, business cannot grow which eventually results in its failure. In the current business scenario, operating environment for small business has become quite challenging fundamentally owing to the increasing complexities influenced by the rapidly altering external environmental elements. In recent times, the government bodies and the financial institutions have realized the importance of small businesses in the development of national economy and thereby have been focusing on rendering support to the sector with a greater motive to augment economic prosperity in the global platform. Contextually, several sources have become available to small businesses today, through which they can meet their financial requirements effectively, e.g. bank lending, mortgages, credit facilities and others (The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited, 2009). However, procurement of finance from various sources itself requires some expenses (Department of Economic Development, Tourism and the Arts, 2011). Additionally, owing to the variances, raising finance for small scale businesses has become more sophisticated than it was earlier. Difficulties in Raising Finance for Small Scale Businesses There are various issues that contribute towards the challenges faced by the small businesses. In relation to this, one of the vital and common issues faced by the small businesses today has been their limited access to adequate finance (Soni, 2005). One of the potential explanations for apparent difficulties experienced by smal l businesses can be related with nominal credit risk management practiced by finance providers. It is completely rational for bank managers to take into account the various risk factors associated with pricing of loans. From the point of view of various banks, loans that have larger default risks or certain loans where borrowers are deemed to fail to meet interest payments have relatively lower chances to be approved. Even though, these requests are approved, lenders often attempt to mitigate such additional risks by issuing loans with shorter maturity period or by minimising the

On being ill by Virginia Woolf and Politics and the English Language Essay

On being ill by Virginia Woolf and Politics and the English Language George Orwell compared - Essay Example She noted that people usually lack words to express their feelings during sickness unlike numerous words available to express love, battle, and jealousy. On the other hand, George Orwell in his article, â€Å"Politics and the English Language, he criticized the modern English writing style for its filthy and incorrect use of language. His assignment was to call people to the task of thinking clearly by using the language appropriately. At the end of his article, he gave several rules to assist and protect writers from incorrect use of language. A concise description of similarities and differences of the essays The two are articles were mainly concerned with English language as a tool of communication, and the effect of language misuse. The two were also written to raise a voice to make English a better language in communication. The two articles were written for different audience and hence different tones. According to George, inaccurate language comes as a result of insincerity w hile according to Virginia; language problem in illness is as a result of negligence of illness topics. The comparison of the articles The two articles can be said to describe a deficiency in English language as a result of a weak education system in literature and media influence. George’s concern was mainly language quality while Virginia’s concern was lack of words to describe feelings which come with illness.... From the examples, he drew out various inaccurate uses of English such as dying metaphors, operators or verbal false limbs, pretentious diction (Orwell 3) and meaningless words (Orwell 4). Both articles were concerned with giving a solution to the language problem. George’s article advised that people could only avoid using poor language if only they started thinking clearly. As a result, use of correct language would cause them to think more clearly (Orwell 1). Virginia argues that language experts have undermined coming up with words to describe illness feelings and there is need to have some people come up with words to help patients communicate. She complained, â€Å"But of all this daily drama of the body there is no record† (Woolf 10). She complained that people always wrote about ideas from the mind but failed to write about the body. The Contrast of the Articles Virginia used remorseful tone while expressing the agony ill people experience as they try to communi cate. The tone was meant for a particular audience who are mainly health care workers. For example, she explained that for a very ill person, â€Å"There is nothing ready made for him. He is forced to coin words himself† (Woolf 11). She explained that ill people have no one to speak out for them. George on the other hand used an aggressive tone while describing how English language has lost its quality and loss of creativity in modern language. The aggressive tone reveals that the article was mainly written for unlimited audience including politicians. He gave an example of a sentence in Ecclesiastes where no other translation matched the original script in terms of creativity (Orwell 5). George criticized wrong usage of language such as dying metaphors (Orwell 2), operators, or verbal false

Euro Tours and Travels Pvt. Ltd Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Euro Tours and Travels Pvt. Ltd - Research Paper Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that the company wants to attract more international tourists to earn revenue in the 1st year. Some more objectives are presented in the study. The mission of Euro Tours and Travels Pvt. Ltd. is to provide top quality tourism services to the customers. They will focus on the 100% customer satisfaction and provide services on time. They are confident that the service of the company will exceed the traveler’s expectation. Euro Tours and Travels Pvt. Ltd. is going to start their tourism business in the market of Spain. The company will provide attractive tourist packages to its customers which includes various tourist destinations in Spain. The company gives the promise to understand their travel needs and design as per the criteria for individuals, groups and corporate. The company is small in size consists of 3 shareholders and the division of shares is 40%, 30%, and 30%. The company has one director, one managing director, one secretar y and a few more efficient employees to run the business. This company will provide community-based tourism to its clients. The services which they will provide must be quality based services. Their services include- all transfers, hotel and accommodation booking, all tours within Spain, Transport by private cars, trains, coach etc., and services of knowledgeable, well-trained guides who know the major languages in the world. The products the company will offer and the services they have designed to offer after keeping the customer’s priority in mind. Spain is the world leader in the holiday tourism and the cultural tourism is also growing steadily over the last few years. Museums, monuments, Aqueduct of Segovia, La Concha, Running of the Bulls, Palacio Real etc are the special attraction of Spain which also are included in the packages which are going to offer by this company.

Definitional Argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Definitional Argument - Essay Example The main body of the paper will focus on illustrating how the three elements mentioned above are related to the concept of adulthood. The first element of the paper is related to the aspect of physical adulthood and how it impacts on the growth and behavior of a human being. Basically, the physical growth and development of a person leads to adulthood. This is also referred to as maturity. Any person who is referred to as mature or an adult has physically developed and that person is capable of performing various tasks on his or her own. An adult person is energetic such that he or she can perform hard tasks that may not be performed by a minor. By virtue of physical development, it is expected that an adult person can work for himself in order to satisfy different needs he may encounter. This element is aptly portrayed by Seamons who reports that people over 25 years old should not expect too much sympathy from Spain’s courts after the parents may have decided to stop the mon thly allowances given to such people. This came in the wake of a man aged 25 years who took mom and dad to court after they stopped forking over the $588 they had been giving him each month. However, the judge ruled out that there is no money until the man starts looking for a job. Ideal judgment for an adult! The second element of the paper focuses on the intellectual aspect of the concept of adulthood. A mature person or an adult is expected to reason in a logical way and this person can use the power of reasoning to solve different problems he may encounter. A mature person is capable of using his mind to deal with various life situations. This is illustrated in the movie â€Å"Adulthood† where Sam finds himself entrapped in the memory of the past where he spent six years in jail. In order for him to cope with the situation, he must realise that he is on a journey to adulthood. In most cases, adults deal with issues of substance and they often focus on aspects that can imp rove their welfare compared to young people who tend to experiment with a lot of things. People who have not yet fully developed in terms of intellectuality often need the guidance of mature people such that they may be able to handle different life situations. People who have intellectually developed are rational thinkers and they often try to find the best possible solutions to the problems they may encounter in their lives. People who use their reasoning capacity to deal with different situations have a unique way of dealing with different scenarios. The third element of this paper will focus on social aspect of adulthood and will also highlight the factors that impact on the behavior of an individual person. Adulthood is also closely related to social development of a human being. As a human being develops from an adolescent to an adult, social changes that take place within that individual. This is a period when young people begin to experience the need for social comfort or cl oseness and this impacts on their social development. According to a paper entitled â€Å"From adolescence to adulthood-a story of growing up,† it can be noted that there is a strong correlation between social development of an individual and adulthood. It is at this stage that a person feels like loving someone as well as to be loved by someone. This is an inevitable part of human development and this defines adulthood in different societies. Over and above, it can

Euro Tours and Travels Pvt. Ltd Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Euro Tours and Travels Pvt. Ltd - Research Paper Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that the company wants to attract more international tourists to earn revenue in the 1st year. Some more objectives are presented in the study. The mission of Euro Tours and Travels Pvt. Ltd. is to provide top quality tourism services to the customers. They will focus on the 100% customer satisfaction and provide services on time. They are confident that the service of the company will exceed the traveler’s expectation. Euro Tours and Travels Pvt. Ltd. is going to start their tourism business in the market of Spain. The company will provide attractive tourist packages to its customers which includes various tourist destinations in Spain. The company gives the promise to understand their travel needs and design as per the criteria for individuals, groups and corporate. The company is small in size consists of 3 shareholders and the division of shares is 40%, 30%, and 30%. The company has one director, one managing director, one secretar y and a few more efficient employees to run the business. This company will provide community-based tourism to its clients. The services which they will provide must be quality based services. Their services include- all transfers, hotel and accommodation booking, all tours within Spain, Transport by private cars, trains, coach etc., and services of knowledgeable, well-trained guides who know the major languages in the world. The products the company will offer and the services they have designed to offer after keeping the customer’s priority in mind. Spain is the world leader in the holiday tourism and the cultural tourism is also growing steadily over the last few years. Museums, monuments, Aqueduct of Segovia, La Concha, Running of the Bulls, Palacio Real etc are the special attraction of Spain which also are included in the packages which are going to offer by this company.

Queer film +video Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Queer film +video - Essay Example One the recent film that easily and best represent Doty’s queer theory is the animation film Hotel Transylvania Directed by Genndy Tartakovsky. The film became queer because a movie along with its characters are supposed to be queer and scary but the movie presented it as non-threatening, mainstream and to some extent, even romantic. The rendition of the film is the reverse of Doty’s assertion that sometimes what is considered as normal rendition of a film can be the most queer of all. The film literally dislodged the viewers traditonal concept of supernatural entities. For example, Dracula has a daughter who wants to be friends with humans and runs a hotel for monsters. Transylvania in this film is in fact a hotel and not the regular impression of an old scary castle. Werewolves and vampires are also relatives (Daughter Mavic called Wayne and Wanda as aunt and uncle) instead of being mortal enemy. Frankenstein has a wife and above all, it is the humans who are in fact â€Å"monstrous† that they should be scared of. And lastly, monsters in fact loves to party. It also talks about sexuality only not in the queerness of homosexuality but rather the emerging sexual drive of a teenage vampire that put normalcy in an otherwise abnormal character of a vampire. Perhaps the biggest queerness of the film was the reversal of roles between humans and monsters (vampires, werewolves, big foot, mummy). The supposed culturally marginal, in Doty’s words (4) became the dominant culture and the dominant culture became marginalized. In the point of view of the monsters, they are the mainstream entities and humans are considered as sub entity and are the ones that are monstrous that should be feared. Tartakovsky made an interesting confrontation of his characters who assumed reversal of role where the monsters view the human (young traveler Jonathan who became the fiancee of Mavic) as monstrous and the human not threatened by the actual

Of Mice And Men Language Essay Example for Free

Of Mice And Men Language Essay The importance of this passage, which introduces the closing section of the novel, is that it refers to what has happened earlier in the story and what is about to happen. It represents symbolically the characters, events and ideas of the story so far and prefigures the final tragedy. The setting is the same as at the beginning of the novel, a clearing on the banks by the deep green pool of the Salinas River. In the first paragraph Steinbeck conveys once more, now briefly, the beauty of the natural scene, the paradise from which mankind has been cast out. Now however the circumstances are very different and returning to the same setting suggests a circular movement of events, getting nowhere, but also as a downward spiral. Lennie is in trouble again and more seriously than ever before he has killed Curleys wife. The dream he and George shared is already dead. There is a disturbance to the scene, a far rush of wind and a scattering of leaves, the only sounds breaking the silence. The rivers surface is briefly disturbed, but as quickly as it had come, the wind died and the clearing was quiet again. By this Steinbeck reminds us of the smallness and insignificance of the events of the novel. They will quickly pass and be forgotten. A water snake glided swiftly up the pool, this represents Lennie, twisting its periscope head from side to side. Lennies vision is limited by his dull wits and he doesnt foresee the fate towards which he is blundering. A heron waiting in the shallows seizes the little snake by the head and swallows it while its tail waved frantically. Lennies size and strength are insignificant, uselessly matched against much larger forces, such as the society he lives in. This reflects another theme of the novel: the powerful dominate and prey upon the weak. This is the situation of the migrant labourers, who own nothing but their ability to work, in relation to the Boss who has wealth and land and who exploits his labourers. It is reflected too in the pecking order on the ranch: the weak ones Lennie, Crooks and Candy are at the mercy of the strong. Crooks dominates Lennie and Curleys wife dominates Crooks. Carlson, with Slims consent, dispatches Candys dog. Curly is ever present attempting to dominate everyone, except Slim, by physical violence and through his relation to his father. When Lennie appears out of the brush the heron flies off and a second little snake, representing George, finds refuge from the heron in the reeds. This signifies that George is clever enough to stay out of trouble, including that brought on by Lennie. Lennie has come to the river bank because George told him to meet him there if he got into trouble. This was in the opening section of the novel, where Steinbeck compared Lennie to a bear: he walked heavily, dragging his feet a little, the way a bear drags his paws. This suggests clumsiness, but now it is the bears stealth that he refers to: Lennie comes as silently as a creeping bear moves. He is directed now by his instinct, not just following George. The repeated bear simile reminds the reader again of the circular movement of the story; but Lennies soundless entry also makes us think of him as a spirit, anticipating his death. The passage reflects a number of ideas in the novel: the beauty of nature and the ugliness of human nature; the insignificance of human affairs; the futility of human effort and the fragility of dreams. The predatory nature of human existence, a major theme in the novel is represented symbolically in the action of the heron, reminding the reader of various episodes earlier in the story. The characters of George and Lennie are illustrated in the different fates of the two little snakes. Lennies death is prefigured in that of the first water snake, also in his spirit-like appearance on the scene. In this way Steinbeck sets the scene at the river bank in context. The reader sees the hopelessness of Lennie and Georges situation, their powerlessness in the circumstances they find themselves in and foresees the tragic end.

How The Internet Is Used To Book Flights Tourism Essay

How The Internet Is Used To Book Flights Tourism Essay It is fair to say that internet has revolutionized the way we buy airline tickets or choose our holidays. The internet is responsible for a major shift in airline and travel industry. This was not the same some years before as when the internet was in its infancy, the main problem of booking airline ticket online was to find out what you are looking for and also having the confidence to buy it online due to the money involved in it. Booking tickets online is not something that is uncommon these days. But nowadays it has become like a second nature for large number of people to open up the search engines and purchase all kind of things from electronic items, foods to air tickets. David J http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=David_J_Cook The success of internet giants like Amazon and eBay with its secured payment systems like PayPal has given confidence to the buyers to purchase things online and today almost everyone knows the advantages and benefits of buying flight tickets online for the domestic as well as international travel. Although its not very easy task but the airline and travel agent websites has made internet travel booking so simple that even a person with little computer knowledge can purchase cheap tickets online and enjoy benefits. Quick booking facilities and best profitable bargains can be enjoyed at the ease of sitting at home rather than standing in queues for hours on airline ticket counters. The online buyer can easily compare the airfares of different airlines and can choose the best bargain and online booking is the best solution to get cheap flights tickets and also the best travel solution for those travelers who cannot afford to spend too much on traveling. David J http://EzineArticles.com /?expert=David_J_Cook And cheap tickets are not hard to find now, its easily available online through the convenience of doing it at home rather than visiting a travel agent or airline office to book it and within few clicks tickets can be booked using your credit or debit card and within few days the e-ticket is delivered in your mailbox and at your correspondence address. Today there are lots of other websites other than airline official websites where the travelers can book their tickets and these websites are designed in such a way that a traveler has to just specify the date of travel and destination and the search engine within that websites pick up the best deals and the discounted offers from any airline. In recent times there are lot many deals offered by airline companies and travel agents exclusively for online booking, which is one of the another reason to book tickets online. http://www.articlesbase.com/flights-articles/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-buying-airline-tickets-online-447497.html #ixzz14spqtU1q   The advantages of online booking or the services which the airline websites offers for online booking are discussed below Convenience Booking tickets online removes a lot of direct or personal contact with the travel agents or airlines as booking the ticket on the window counter of airlines sometimes requires a long time waiting in queue and airline reservation over the telephone often requires dialing the customer care number of particular airline or travel agent and then selecting the complicated options and then waiting in queue to talk to the customer service representative of that company. Booking online eliminates all this layers of difficultly and provides ease to customers to book ticket their anytime whether day or night and online reservation also provides the convenience of electronically check in for the flight sitting at home and can choose their seats in accordance to their comfort. Security Booking online provides security as compared to traditional method of booking through call centre and when purchasing tickets through telephone, a customer has to provide the bank card or credit card details and other sensitive information to the person we dont know but online booking is far more secure than it as when booking the ticket online, only information essential for the transaction is collected over a secure connection. Cost When the ticket is purchased online or a reservation is done online, the booking process is handled by automation services due to which travel companies can pass the savings to customers in the form of special discounted rates, coupons as there is no need to pay salary to employees. And many discount airlines provides special online fares which are available to customers who book their tickets online. Control One of the most compelling advantages of online booking is Control. A passenger can not only see the flight arrangements, but can also select his seat and choose his meal. As online booking doesnt require any interactions with travel agent so the customer can search for more possible options and search different airlines fares at once for the specific destination. A traveler can also book his hotel online by seeing all the available rooms and can also check the rooms with its competitor for the best available option. The Advantages of Online Booking | eHow.com  http://www.ehow.com/way_6167630_advantages-online-booking.html#ixzz14grTodas Airlines offer a range of services to passengers who book their tickets online like: Airline credit cards: Many airlines offer airline credit cards like platinum and gold cards to their customers. These credit cards give additional services to the cardholders like excess baggage allowances, enrollment benefits and other privileges to cardholders. Mobile phone information services: Many airlines use mobile phone to keep their customers updated. They send instant flight status, flight alert and schedule on mobile phones. Thus this helps the customers to know instantly about the delays and cancellations of flights. Manage booking service: This online service enables the customers to provide their contact details and other information about their while booking their tickets online which can be later modified at any time, the modifications can be made as late as 24 hours before the departure date. Mobile Ticketing services: Now tickets can also be booked using mobile phone internet anytime and anywhere. Payments can be made, manage bookings, cancellation of bookings and refunds of payments. All this are possible using mobile internet services. Multi Journey: Some airlines also provide the option of breaking journey online. That means if a traveler is planning to tour another destination before reaching or returning to its destination, all the tickets can be booked at once. Hotel bookings: Some airlines also provides the facility of booking hotels on their websites which can help the traveler save time in searching for hotel booking and traveler can also rely on the hotel booking on the website of airline as that hotels are the airline trusted hotels.   http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Parinaz_Driver The process of online booking is quite simple but there few circumstances where the customers can gets frustrated while searching for the best deal. This can happen due to the lack of knowledge of right place where to search for cheap tickets and book tickets. Sometimes it can be a bit tricky as some people just end up with jumping from one website to other which consumes a lot of time and this make it hard to search the best deal available. One other problem which customer might face is as the transactions is carried online, the customer is not dealing with the real person so the customer might not get much help or assistance needed but if the customer is dealing with the travel agents, they might give suggestion regarding upcoming deals or cheaper deals in near future. To sum it up, the internet has completely changed the way the customers book their flights, buying tickets online has make life easier as the customer dont have to go physically to the travel agent or airline office. Everything can be done at the comfort of the home and customers can also take advantage of the additional services offered by the airline companies exclusively for web. However searching for the ticket on the right website is of utmost important so that customer wont end up in spending more time and still not getting the best deal available. Referencing David J http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=David_J_Cook http://www.articlesbase.com/flights-articles/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-buying-airline-tickets-online-447497.html#ixzz14spqtU1q   The Advantages of Online Booking | eHow.com  http://www.ehow.com/way_6167630_advantages-online-booking.html#ixzz14grTodas http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Parinaz_Driver