In what ways and due to which factors do migrants experiences of home Essay

In what ways and due to which factors do migrants experiences of home re shine when they leave their country of origins - Essay Examplefigures, the World Bank (2014) reported that the 900,000 net migration in the United dry land is significantly lower as compared to the 5,000,002 net migration in the United States.Each person has their own reasons for migrating to another(prenominal) place or another country (Bailey, 2008, p. 3). Among the common reasons for migrating are better work or usage opportunities (Parutis, 2014 Dako-Gyeke, 2013 Appave, 2008, p. 151 Bean, Gonzalez-Baker and Capps, 2001, pp. 669 - 703), adoption, marriage, retirement, or the need to accompany ageing parents (Appave, 2008, p. 151 Wray and Bartholomew, 2006). Specifically the main purpose of this essay is to discuss the migrants experiences of homeland change when they move abroad, and identify all factors that encourage migrants to leave their homelands. As part of going with discussion, the main purpose of this essay will be applied in the case of the United domain and the United States.In general, peoples experiences of their homeland change when they move abroad differ from ace another. In most cases, the race and ethnical identity of migrants t last to have strong effects on their overall experiences when they move abroad (Silva, 2009 Valdivia et al., 2008). In relation to homeland change, round immigrants may experience ethnic displacement (Malkki, 1992, p. 25). It means that the cultural practices or religious beliefs of the immigrants tend to be totally different from the cultural practice or religious belief that is commonly being practiced by people who have it off in the country where they have decided to move. Even though there are some migrants who end up having a better life when they move to either the United States or the United Kingdom, some migrants may have a bad experience particularly with regard to cultural adjustment (Dako-Gyeke, 2013 Gupta and Ferguson, 1 992). For example, when migrants move to either the United Kingdom or United States, it is expected that these people would experience

Critquing the movie Mahhattan by Woody Allen Thesis

Critquing the movie Mahhattan by beechen Allen - Thesis ExampleThe bustling of the city exemplifies the same intensity and restlessness of the people that flock its streets. woodsy Allens Manhattan is non a romantic comedy, it is not a drama or a root word film, it is by the very epitome a homage to New York City. Anyone who would watch this film would begin to confirm by the first ten seconds that what you atomic number 18 watching is not limited to a peek at the lives of New Yorkers because you realize by the very beginning that the main character is the city and the characters are just breathing in the very life of the Big Apple. It is easy to fathom that the film, as indite and directed by Woody Allen, contemplated of Manhattan through his perspective and idealization. Seen through the eyes of twice divorced 42-year-old Isaac Davies, it is overbearing that Allen categoric all toldy played himself and the natural register of many of the characters quirks are his own.At the outset, Isaac was not a complex character because he was above all adjectives deeply neurotic. But this was not distant removed from all the other characters of the film. They just mostly vary in degree but all of them are destructive and broken and easily subjects of Freudian psychoanalysis that one could figure them out it in a matter of moments. His ex-wife narrowed him down in her book by saying that He was devoted to fits of rage, Jewish male paranoia, male chauvinism, self-righteous misanthropy and nihilistic moods of despair (Manhattan). But this of course would be a delineation and reduction of the entirety of a human being which is impossible and derogatory. The same must be taken in the context that the book that she wrote titled Marriage, Divorce and Selfhood was her subjective attempt to encapsulate their family most geared to her advantage and led to his infamy. This book was mostly the cause of his neurosis as portray in the film and perhaps his wariness in the beg inning of the film was most justified

Explanatory synthesis paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Explanatory synthesis paper - Essay ExampleIt is good to none that advertisements alone ar not enough. Hence, advertisers couple publicise with branding. Branding involves the forming of an outstanding and unique image of the service or harvest-festival so as to make a niche out of the target group that can direct with the service or product. Advertising and branding have both merits and demerits that affect the society on which they argon expressed upon. This paper looks at the effects of advertising on society. The ideas on which these effects are found upon include health, psychological appeals, creativity and economic importance.Researchers have researched on the ways by which advertisements affect citizenry mentally. By stating mentally, it means the way in which the perspective of people in the society towards what is being denote is affected. Depending on their education levels, gender and age, people in the society are affected differently. Baker (2001) states that, t he executives of advertising companies cl perplexed that the advertisements that are broadcast affect the interests of students as the advertisements are delivered in manner that appeals to them. Advertisers make use of unhomogeneous appeals like power and status, and the appeal to a certain belonging so as to ensure that the aim of the particular advertisement is attained.Agencies that are involved with regulation of advertisements have stated that various advertisements are not in accordance with the promotion of healthy eating habits. They state that advertisers take advantage of the vulnerability of direct going children and teenagers to lead them into eating junk food which is a major cause of obesity. Crary (2007), states that the Campaign for a Commercial Free Childhood indicates that the advertisement Shrek the Third promotes the undertaking of unhealthy foods which is depicted by Shrek an stir ogre. This is complicated by the fact that Shrek is used in two advertisement s that tend to

Operational Management Issues for Services Essay

Operational Management Issues for Services - Essay ExampleThe organisation gener eachy offers beside daylight gift delivery service end-to-end the United Kingdom and also in the abroad business market. However, in recent times, new market players have considerably entered into the business market of prime due to increased market competition and thus the organisation is quite concerned to reconsider its maestro market position. The chief vision of cover is to remain as the topmost target as rise up as the first choice of gift delivery service for the customers. In this particular paper, a all-encompassing analysis regarding the business operations that are performed by Pinnacle in tattle to the business goals as well as the levels of customer service of the organisation will be taken into concern. Moreover, certain alternatives that power enhance the business operations of Pinnacle, suggestion of suitable options along with covering implementation issues and depicting elim inate recommendations for Pinnacle will also be addressed. A Critical Review of the Business Operations of Pinnacle The crucial business function of Pinnacle is generally associated with offering gift delivery service throughout the UK and also in the overseas regions. The majority of the sales of the organisation usually arrive from next day gift delivery service. ... In this context, all the orders of the organisation are delivered by the respective outlets or stores. The sell outlets or the stores are independently owned and perform the business transactions under Pinnacle brand name. From the perspective of the business operations in relation to order distribution and processing, Pinnacle places its business orders from ane shop to other shop within the UK. In order to place its business orders in the overseas regions, the organisation executes this sort of business operation through its established mode of central operation. In price of playacting direct sales, the organis ation fundamentally conducts its direct sales through a nationally publicize free contact number, online sales through making use of the website of Pinnacle and direct mailing responses that have it off over phone. It has been viewed that the main business operational systems of Pinnacle include paper based system for fetching business orders from the customers by contacting them directly over telephone and PDQ (credit card swipe) machines for the purpose of effectively processing all credit card related payments. Furthermore, the other chief operational systems of Pinnacle include the website of the organisation for performing online sales and an outdated Automated remember Distribution System for directing the calls of the customers in relation to the locating of the business orders of the organisation. In this context, Pinnacle should introduce a unique or innovative Automated Call Distribution System that can direct more customer calls and thus ultimately can urge on the b usiness orders of the organisation by a significant level. On the basis of the flow chart, in relation to the business objectives along with the level of the

Certification in sustainable tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words - 1

witness in sustainable tourism - Essay ExampleThe paper will also deal with the genuine implication and meaning of the sustainable tourism along with the evidences through certain case examples that will beg off the applicability of the certification in sustainable tourism (Certification for Sustainable touristry, 2010).In the query paper, the entire aspects which ar essential in the certification of the sustainable tourism will be taken up and the objectives outlined will be fulfilled. The growing trend of the tourism industry all over the world has initiated the childbed or conduction of survey in this perspective. The recent prospect of the tourism industry contributes to countrys development in terms of creating new jobs and adding revenue to the countrys GDP. Thus, considering the growing importance of the sector, this research study has been carried out.The most widely accepted definition of the sustainable tourism has been provided by the World Tourism Organisation. Acc ording to them, sustainable tourism is the tourism which leads to the management of all resources in such a stylus that economic, social and aesthetic need mass be fulfilled while maintaining cultural integrity, essential bionomical processes, biological diversity and life support systems (United Nations Foundation, 2002).Thus, the World Tourism Organisation describes the sustainable tourism as a process that satisfies the demands of the tourists and host communities and at the same time protects and enhances the future needs and demands of the tourists (United Nations Foundation, 2002).Tourism, over the years, has evolved as one of the largest industries in the world. However, the huge resource and infrastructural demands of tourism, for example, usage of energy, waste generation and water consumption can have an adverse effect on the environment and local communities if proper management plan is non taken up. The various regions all over the

The FTCA and Government Incentive for Poor Policy Essay

The FTCA and Government Incentive for paltry Policy - Essay ExampleHowever, the passing of the act also contained thirteen exceptions that limit the arena of the FTCA. unrivaled of these exceptions, the Discretionary Function elision (DFE), prevents political relation liability in numerous cases due to its vague substance abuse of the term discretion. This paper examines the history and creation of the FTCA, its exceptions, the role of the DFE, and concludes with suggestions INTRODUCTION On a foggy Saturday in 1945, Lieutenant Colonel William Franklin Smith Jr. piloted a B-25 Mitchell bomber during a routine personnel transport mission. Although alerted to the discards zero visibility, LTC Smith proceeded to attempt to land at the LaGuardia Airport. Subsequently, the plane crashed into the north side of the pudding stone State construction killing fourteen people, injuring an elevator operator, and causing approximately one million dollars cost of alter (Richman 2008). As a member of the United States Military, and, therefore, a federal employee, was the regime liable for the deaths and damage? Although at the time, sovereign privilege protected the government, public outrage over the B-25 empire State Building crash paved the way for new public policy that allowed people to sue the U.S. government. Congress enacted the federal Tort Claims comport (FTCA), in 1946, in attempt to provide justice for those injured due to government means or employees. However, the FTCA includes thirteen exemptions that restrict its use (Weaver & Longoria 2002). One in particular, the Discretionary Function Exception (DFE), seemingly exempts the government from liability in so many situation that it whitethorn render the FTCA moot. later examination of the history of the FTCA, the DFE, and case examples, it becomes clear that the DFE is too broad and defeats the purpose of the FTCA. Furthermore, alternatives exist that limit the scope of the DFE and retain the justic e first sought with the creation of the FTCA. HISTORY James Madison of the First Continental Congress proclaimed there should be limits on the United States sovereign immunity such that citizens had the right to make claims against the government (Weaver & Longoria 2002). Sovereign immunity is part of common law jurisdictions that dates backwards to English Law. It generally states that a sovereign or state cannot be charged with a poisonous or civil offense. Prior to 1946, the only way to sue the government was by private bills that relied on legislative committees. However, the private bills proved to be expensive, time-costly, and frequently unjust. Nevertheless, the use of private bills continued until 1922 when Congress passed the bitty Tort Claims Act. The Act authorized every federal department or establishment to process claims on private property up to one thousand dollars. This act also proved unjust as it covered property damaged by a federal employee but not a life t aken by a federal employee (Weaver & Longoria 2002). Following heavy legislation and cases such as the B-25 Empire State Building Crash, the Seventy-Ninth Congress passed the FTCA as Title IV of the Legislative Reorganization Act, 60 Stat. 842. The Act states it intentions clearly The United States shall be liable... for tort claims, in the same manner and to the same extent as a private individual under like circumstances (sec. 2674). However, the act also includes thirteen exceptions to government liability (Cohen 2007). Examination of the Discretion Function Exception provides several examples as to why the court may interpret the exceptions too broadly to be effective. THE DFE The Discretionary Function Exception protects the government against claims based upon the maintain or performance or the failure to exercise or perform a discretionary serve well or duty on the part of a federal agency or an employee of

Statistical Analysis of Research Results Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Statistical Analysis of Results - Research story Example239556295708975024125829580111085624236131590131216324356634600913067245268346108138712467753962010148762476814263061547824848543640716182250792476501217389251395486609182932526101516702184922538109566801185922559118616905190962566124637104194982579133687201195972587140717301196982596146747601197982615151767701198992624 clv7878022001002635160807901201100264216281265716985266817790267618392269218592270121971002712199993002201100Data from Table 1 shows that 51% of the students scored below the Grade 11 math target of 252 indicating that half of the populations may be having difficulty with the subject. til now we see from Table 2 that the median sit down Math Score of the students is 570. Since sit down scores prototype from 200-800, a score of 570 for Math may be considered as above average and meets the minimum demand of some major general universities in the country. With this result, it is of further interest to see co nsider some factors which defy effect on SAT scores.The dataset contains 7 variables namely Student Identifier Number, GPA, Track Rank, Grade 8 acquaintance Assessment Score, Grade 8 Language Assessment Score, Grade 11 Math Assessment Score and Grade 11 SAT Score for Math. It is of interest to determine the how these variables affect each other. Pearsons correlation, often denoted as r, can be utilise to compute for the degree of relationship ii variables have with each other. The next the range is to 1, the more associated the two variables are. Values for the Pearsons correlation coefficient may be either...However we see from Table 2 that the median SAT Math Score of the students is 570. Since SAT scores range from 200-800, a score of 570 for Math may be considered as above average and meets the minimum requirement of some major public universities in the country. With this result, it is of further interest to see consider some factors which have effect on SAT scores.The da taset contains 7 variables namely Student Identifier Number, GPA, Track Rank, Grade 8 Science Assessment Score, Grade 8 Language Assessment Score, Grade 11 Math Assessment Score and Grade 11 SAT Score for Math. It is of interest to determine the how these variables affect each other.Pearsons correlation, often denoted as r, can be used to compute for the degree of relationship two variables have with each other. The closer the value is to 1, the more associated the two variables are. Values for the Pearsons correlation coefficient may be either positive or negative. A negative value for Pearsons correlation indicates that as the value of one variable goes up, the value for its associated variables goes down or vice versa. A positive value for Pearsons correlation indicates that the values for both variables increase and decrease together. It is computed as followsHo

Interprofessional Working on Patients with Learning Disability Essay

Interprofessional Working on Patients with Learning Disability - Essay ExampleThis essay will search the interprofessional working environments challenges, solutions to barriers and problems, as well as how these scenarios induct been translated or could have been avoided on the case of tom. Discussion Case Summary Tom had a profound and multiple learning disabilities and accompanied a residential special school. One year introductory to his death, a hospice consultant recommended an investigation by a gastroenterologist but the medical assessment promised during the NHS assessment never materialised. Toms parents relayed their concerns based on Toms expressions of pain on numerous occasions but it the social services workers did not heed the reports. The school interpreted Toms discomfort as dislike for school fifty-fifty whilst his parents insisted he needed medical investigation.When brought to a hospice, the consultant suggested his digestive system be further investigated . During the handling with his GP, Toms parents were not included and the GP decided that a PEG feeding pipage will not be tolerable and that on that point was unclear direction as to how Tom could puzzle adequate nutrition. After leaving school, the professionals also decided there was nowhere suitable for Tom to go to. Instead, he was placed into an NHS psychiatric assessment unit. His parents were only promised of medical assessment but it never happened. His wellness deteriorated, he lost weight and started acting unusual such as gouging his head of which his parents interpreted as projects of pain. By the time a place for social services residential home became available for Tom, it was also then that his health was acted upon and he was confined in a hospital. It was found Tom had ulcerated esophagus and that he was inserted with a PEG in order to be fed by tube prior to an operation. However, it has been too late because Tom was already extremely weak and died in the p rocess. Ethical and legal issues It was discernible on the case of Tom that there was serious negligence on the part of the general practitioner (GP) to act accordingly by making a decision without consulting or including Tom or Toms parents in the process. It was already obvious that a health consultant recommended the need for Tom to be inspected by a gastroenterologist. This should have been pursued and provided in a timely manner. The GP as the inlet for Toms more specific medical needs shares the biggest responsibility in the process. In addition, there is the Disability Discrimination Act which called for the full application of human rights principles on the case of Tom and others who have disabilities. The human rights concept is key to the development and improvement of healthcare for people with learning disability, (Jacques and Strank, 2009, 439). This calls for treatment and extol with equity of outcomes in healthcare the patient with disability receives. Additional support, in fact, is required because their disability increases the difficulties they experience and increases their rights instead of being diminished. Aside

SMALL-SCALE RESEARCH PROJECT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

SMALL-SCALE RESEARCH PROJECT - Essay ExampleIn the recent years, various scholars and research worker throw discussed and written about the relationship between learning and training in education (college and university). fenland and Roche (1993) analysed the opinions of the students regarding the effectiveness of teaching for enhancing the teaching levels in colleges or universities. Even Ryan and Harrison (1995) examined the weight that student put by for different components in teaching for ascertaining the effectiveness. A deal was conducted by Ralph (2003) on teaching effectiveness in which he assessed the effectiveness by examining how rapidly students can learn from the teachings. So the above discussion signifies teaching effectively is one of the major factors that would assist the undergraduate students to learn efficiently (Fridah, 2004 Kothari, 2008). 1.2 Rationale of the Study As discussed above, teaching effectively is definitely one of the major factors to assist students in UEL to learn efficiently for their course, and the entire research can non revolve around teaching because the ways of learning in the present multiplication have changed. Nowadays teaching can definitely be one of the features of helping students, but not the only way. The rationale of this study is based on the objective of identifying the contemporary factors play significant section in recent times in learning process. Those factors are the ones which would assist the undergraduates of UEL to learn effectively. In this scope also teaching plays a major role, which signifies teaching is obviously not a substitute, but a necessity. However, the definition of teaching has changed. Various modes of teaching has come up which has re-defined the ways teachers interacted with students. These aspects would be discussed in this study and researched through collection of evidences that would confirm the validity of the findings. 1.3 Overview University of East London (UEL) The issues of research and discussion is relevant to each student irrespective of any country, but research on such large scale is onerous to conduct, so in this research study the researcher would be specifically focusing on the factors that lead assist the undergraduate students of UEL to learn effectively for their lessons. However, in order to move on the research, it is significant to have a concise idea regarding the university, courses it offers and its environment. UEL in London Borough of Newha is a public university, which functions through its three campuses in Docklands, Stratford and another called University of Square Stratford that opened in 2013. UEL got the status of a university in the year 1992, but its operations can be traced back to 1892 (University of East London, 2013a, 2013b, 2013c, 2013d). There are around 28000 students in the university and among them 19520 are the undergraduates, spot the rest are postgraduates. Due to the augmenting reputation of UE L, statistics revealed that 13 percent more applications were submitted in 2011 compared to the previous years, which is and so an indication that in terms of

Use And Abuse Of Drugs In Sports Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Use And Abuse Of Drugs In Sports - Essay ExampleMany professional athletes, especi every last(predicate)y football and baseball players, have used cocaine during the playing season, and sometimes amphetamines during the games themselves. Some of these players turned in hopeful performances, suggesting that the consumption of cocaine, the likes of amphetamines, may be beneficial for speed and strength, at least in the miserable run. In a sports scandal, the Commissioner of the National Football League suspended four players for four games of the 1983 season because of their date with drugs. One of the four, defensive endsRoss Browner, had set a Super Bowl record of 10 unassisted tackles. Another, rail back Pete Johnson, was the all-time leading rusher for the Cincinnati Bengals. A third, a rookie, finished third in team tackles. It seems doubtful that cocaine hurt their playing. (Howe, 125-126)Drug abuse, one of the most sensitively charged and important issues facing sport and society in general today, defies easy solutions. The problem of drug abuse has grown at all levels of athletic opposition over the past two decades at a frightening speed, from the interscholastic to the exceptional and intercollegiate levels of competition. In the United States, the increase of drug abuse in athletics reflects a like increase and, to a degree, acceptance of drugs among the general populace. It is a serious issue that includes health considerations, law enforcement problems, and incorrupt/ethical questions for athletes, coaches, and athletic administrators. The growing awareness of the presence of drug use in the world of athletics has produced drug and alcohol awareness programs. In an increasing number of sports, from boxing to hockey and from athletics to basketball, at that place has been a striking rise in the detrimental usage of drugs to enhance players performance, not only by professional sports men but also by amateurs. In reply to global alarm over the occurrence of healthiness and other societal harms associated with the usage of extrajudicial or prohibited drugs in competition of sports worldwide, World Health Organisation initiated an international programme to facilitate nations of the world to build up and pile out drugs abusage deterrence activities in 1992. (Massimino, 44)In present state world where only some brilliance on a cup of coffee to benefit in the morning, and where money plays such an vital and inwrought role in sports, it is difficult to influence sports men not to take performance improving illegal drugs.In different corners of world even though prototypes of drug usage are different wide-ranging some shape of drug usage subsist in approximately all sports and across intimately every age group. The latent injurious and detrimental usage of drugs took many forms, including over usage of unproved food supplements and vitamins, negative dependence on therapeutic drag to treat wounds and injuries, and the taking of huge follow of anabolic steroids. The harmful drugs usage among sports men of the world is an element of an active and exceptionally complex part associated with physiological, social, psychological, economic and political variables. No simple pattern of drugs usage materialized, apart from that an outsized number of nations and several(prenominal) different sports are affected. The efforts to standardize and manage the usage of drugs in sports have alerted on creating modern processes of checking and exam programmes. Checking and testing

The ethics of whistle-Blowing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The ethics of whistle-Blowing - Essay ExampleThese are people within the organization that attend violations in military control policies and melodic theme them to the relevant authorities. Many things are brought about by this behavior, ranging from honest business practices to mistrust among co-workers. on that point are certain considerations that have to be made when reporting malpractices in the business. Whistleblowing affects the instruction the business relates to its environment, and the way co-workers relate with each other.Whistleblowing is the act of reporting a malpractice, wrongdoing or lay on the line to the police, employer, customer, or a regulator (Davis, 2006). There are many instances, such as these found in an term about ethics by Verschoor (2013). An example of a case found in the article is one where an employee reported his employer for malpractices. In New York, Mohanbhai Ramchandani reported his employer and celebrity tailor Ramchandani for not report ing alone of his profits in sales and taxes. According to Verschoor (2013), the employee was paid $1.1 million dollars for whistleblowing. Based on the analysis of this case, whistleblowing was the manufacture decision. This is because no one else can identify fraud apart from the people in the organization (Bouville, 2007). There could be acts involving corruption affecting, honest business practices that go against the law. Therefore, it is necessary for people to monitor business practices and report unhealthy business forms.The act of whistleblowing is an act involving business ethics that has its benefits and demerits (Davis, 2006). A benefit of whistleblowing is that it protects investors of businesses from people that sprightliness to mismanage money for their own benefits. Unsuspecting customers also benefit from people who report malpractices in business. For example, a whistleblower protects patients from a doctor who overcharges for services and uses questionable means in administering

Managing strategy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Managing strategy - theme Study ExampleStarbucks Corporation is a world(a) coffee retailing organisation headquartered in Seattle of linked States (US). It was established in the year 1985 by three English partners named Jerry Baldwin, Zev Siegl and Gordon Bowker (Smith, 2007). It is one and only(a) of the leading coffee mansion conglomerates in the world with a satisfying reputation and incorporated brand image (Bigboardnews.Com, 2012 Thompson & Shah 2010). Apart from beverage sector, it also deals in restaurants and entertainment division. Starbucks is the market leader in beverage sector in global market with annual revenue of $10.7 billion at the end of the year 2010 (Starbucks Corporation, 2009). Starbucks mainly attempts to draw out about delicious coffee to its customers in order to inspire individuals in the targeted market (Starbucks Corporation, 2011).Hence, from the SWOT analysis, it can be clearly depicted that even though Starbucks is a renowned organisation wit h a sustainable corporate image in international market, it includes certain limitations as mentioned above. Besides, it can also lead to varied threats as well due to alternative market trends and preferences amid the targeted customers. This might also result due to globalisation.Hence, from the above PESTEL analysis, a detail overview about varied external factors which are most likely to have a substantial impact over Starbucks international operations can be evaluated in an appropriate way in order to understand the impact of these aspects on Starbucks. Thus, from this investigation, it can be clearly determined that there are higher prospects of expansion and development of Starbucks in future years. With reference to the PESTLE analysis, the prime factors which can offer a significant impact on Starbucks can be identified which is described belowStarbucks is one of the leading coffee retailing brands in the global context which positions itself as the market leader in food a nd beverage sector.

Removing Hurdles of Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Removing Hurdles of Management - Case pick up ExampleThe first understanding that must be referenced has to do with the need for effective direction techniques that can provide for a culture of success within the new expansion. Whereas the provision of certain harvest-times to the consumer is lastly the means by which the company could hope to become successful, the establishment of an effective culture within the company, and exhibited amongst its employees, leave behind also have a tangential and direct effect on whether or not consumers testamenting be satisfied with the products and will seek to repeat the buying experience in the future (Gorden, 2009). Likewise, solicitude should seek to resurrect a level of unified and uni induce training of its employee base so that they will be capable and knowledgeable with respect to understanding unique nonverbal cues that the consumers might provide them (Mollins, 2008). For instance, Shaun Gallagher would promote interaction theo ry as a means of developing a level of social and psychological understanding in legal injury of the way in which the consumer react and the means by which the salesperson or staff member engages with that. Rather than merely providing employees with a certain set of expected statements or product promotion that they can provide, interactional theory would encourage management to place a specific sharpen on the level and extent to which money is directed towards training sales numbers in terms of how they should respond from a nonverbal point of view (Marpin, 2013).Likewise, in attempting to craft an effective firm, Burns theory of attractionship as such, would indicate that stakeholders within management should either practice a transactional form of leadership or a transformational leadership (Oppenheimer, 2013). As such, the transactional form of leadership is one in which the leader focuses on building relationships between the leaders and followers.

Marketing strategies Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marketing strategies - Assignment ExampleImplications of this change on trade strategies, specifically, major shift from traditional ways of marketing and promotion to major usage of online amicable media alike facebook, tweeter and other popular social networking sites will also be analysed in this paper. Therefore, this study includes a arrant(a) package of ever-changing job line environmental related issues and its effects and implications on marketing strategies. Introduction perpetual changes in various factors of macro instruction business environment are the most important areas of global businesses. contrast organizations keep in-depth focus on the new trends or changes in these macro factors. Most important macro environmental factors are political factors, economical factors, social factors, cultural factors and technological factors. Substantial changes on these environmental factors have major impact or effects on the marketing strategies of the organizations. Ma nagement of leading organizations in the man have collaboratively developed business associations to research on the forthcoming trend and trend on global market. There are also many research organization have been formed who specialises in the market research to identify the changes and develop necessary changes in the strategic marketing and provide consultative services to the organizations in each countries. Organizations are constantly facing difficulties in this critical of business where judge or predicted changes sometimes differ from the actual changes in the market especially in the purchasing and consumption behaviour of the potential target consumers. Consumer behaviour changes according to the ever changing trend on economical, social and technological environment in the world or a specific country. In this study, the major changes in the macro environmental factors in South Africa will be discussed in details with respect to changing trend in the global business en vironment. Detailed overview of the change/ trend in macro business environment Business organizations in South Africa or any other countries have become exposed systems after the worldwide globalizations or open economy or open market. Therefore, organizations get resources from the environment that whitethorn be domestic, may be regional or international. Similarly, nay organizations have the opportunity to get the world market as the target market of them and can access any market across the world. Therefore, international environmental factors of a business have major impact on the both input and turnout level as organizations always tries to grab the opportunities from the changing business environment in national or international level. Firms cannot change any of the macro environmental influences but they can only react by the continuous changing the strategies with the changes in those environmental factors. Therefore, business change the internal business environment i.e . strategies and activities to accomplish the opportunities of changing trend in the external environment and also can protect from any detrimental impact of new trend on the businesses. Therefore, it is very impotent for the managers, strategic decision makers to analysis the business environment in regular basis be3fore developing any strategic decisions for the

Prepare an outline validation programme for a new benchtop Essay

Prepare an outline validation programme for a sore benchtop washerdisinfector which is cosmos inst completelyed in a dental surgery - Essay ExampleThe method of cleaning encompasses removal of backgrounds and contaminants direct to the destruction of micro-organisms. It is noticeable that some but not all detergents do hold some bactericidal properties but it is essential that to make the germicides totally effective, the devices must first be free of soil to put up intimate contact with the chemical (Ray, 2004). The spectrum of chemical and the duration of exposure will determine the level of dis infection achieved. Detergents busy in the cleaning of medical devices are exclusively designed to assist, beat and extricate organic soils. On the other hand, enzymatic detergents, presoaks, and foam sprays are very effective in breaking down soil and facilitating their removal in the washing process (Ray, 2004). It is observed that manual washing is less efficient and much time con suming than the machine washing, moreover each surgical equipment is washed thoroughly and with the same clearcutness in contrast to the manual washing where everything depends on the person employed for the work and his/ her efficiency.A new washer/disinfector consists of a wash cycle geared at the removal of soil and the recommended enzymatic product required to break down soil particles for easier removal. The wash cycle is followed by a caloric disinfection mop cycle which destroys organisms by heat and do not require a germicidal detergent (Ray, 2004).To avail the effective cleaning of the instruments, bench top washer-disinfectors are used and must be installed in all the clinics, hospitals and other organizations where surgery is being performed. These instruments need utmost care and precision to get best resolutions. It is authorization that all processing equipments ought to be evaluated for proper functioning to procure best results. Equipment servicing may be in o rder such as the replacement of gaskets, adjusting temperatures, and/or increasing drying times. Foreign matter leave in steam lines potful cause spotting (Ray, 2004). The installation of bench top washer-disinfector is therefore recommended and should be made mandatory to carry out the surgeries efficiently without giving a single chance to the infection for establishment. It is imperative that instruments in surgical sets be in good condition and function properly. Moreover, a go instrument is more than a minor hassle (Ray, 2004) it is detrimental to the quality of patient care and could result in serious injury. Therefore it is a great responsibility from the patients point of view that constant supervise must be performed to assess the quality of surgical instrumentation and hence instrument inspection becomes an implicit in(p) part of surgical set assembly procedure (Ray, 2004). A proficient aid for the cleaning and the thermal disinfection of all Medical, Dental and Labor atory instruments is bench top washer-disinfector. It is based on modern concepts and constructed in conformation with the guidelines indicated in the new European Norm concerning safety and hygiene. The validation for its installation lies in the fact that it can be placed on any work surface and is very simple to install. It has a underlying detergent compartment and dispenser. A good washer displays three different programs inclusive of thermal disinfect

Valero Energy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Valero Energy - Essay Example4. Critically discuss whether Valero Energy has change its products and services. translate 3 recommendations with a timeframe included of how Valero Energy can create better value through diversification of its corporate-level strategy.5. Critically discuss whether Valero Energy has created and sustained a competitive advantage through its business-level strategy. Provide 3 examples of different environmental influencers that have affected its business-level strategy.1 Valero is a refiner of oil feedstock. It buys oil from companies that extract them from the primer and Valero turns the stuff into clean fuel and other products like plastics, asphalt, aromatics, etc. that it sells to other companies. Valeros entrepreneurial school of thought is closer to that of a small family business where all who work for it feel that they have a station in the success and profitability of the company.In a June 2006 interview with HR Magazine, Valeros first chief executive officer (who retired in 2005) admitted that the concern of management is basically how to take c be of its people so that they improve their operations, ontogeny refining capacity and yield, and help run the company better. Profits usually follow because the people are happy working for the company. Since 1980, the company has taken care of its people it has not laid off a single employee in the last twenty-nine years and so has the luxury of getting the best among those who support for jobs there, rewarding them for their contributions to the company.Process and product innovations at Valero are managed by sharing the R&D expertness of researchers for its four fuel (gasoline, diesel, jet fuel and renewables) and eight specialty (aromatics, asphalt, propane, sulfur, base and process oils, petroleum coke, solvents and subjective gas liquids) products following the basic guidelines of being environment-friendly,

The values and attitudes in Great Expectations Essay Example for Free

The set and attitudes in heavy(p) Expectations EssayThe text Great Expectations by Charles Dickens reflects worldly concerny of the values and attitudes of 19th century England. The terms values and attitude are somewhat linked, and are both an integral realm of the context of this novel. There was a great divide between the air divisiones at the time of Great Expectations, with to each one class having its own stereotypical views. This residuum led to crime in the city, which served the need for divulge punishment, as the nicety system was quite arbitrary. Attitudes towards the difference between city and country life were also ever-changing with the coming of Industrialisation. Each of these values and attitudes are depicted in the novel through the theatrical role of discordant techniques, such as imagery, characterisation and irony.During the Victorian Era great differences arose in relation to attitudes towards class. The lower classes were holdn as raucous and rude, while the top(prenominal) classes maintained the image of high moral qualities and social status. It is this difference in Great Expectations which allows Compeyson to get away with a lighter charge than Magwitch for the same crime, simply because he was in the upper class. Magwitch is first characterised through a slight caricature as a fearful man who had been soaked in water, and smothered in mud, and lamed by stones. Nevertheless, there was a growing criticism towards the upper class during the century especially with the rapid growth of the middle class, and societys attitudes and views towards them changed.This is shown in Great Expectations through the use of irony and characterisation of Compeyson and Drummle, who are initially dependn to be in the upper classes of society. Ironically, both are haggard in parallel and are characterised as morally corrupt, as Drummle mistreated his wife and Compeyson was involved in crime. Dickens is suggesting here that some of the upper class in the Victorian Era were no better than umpteen of the lower class civilians.Money was also an important value and crucial aspect of class during the time of Great Expectations. We tail see how much Magwitch valued class and wealth by his elbow grease to buy Pip into an upper class so that he (Pip) would nominate enough money to slow up and enjoy a wealthy life. Indeed, the idea of a convict making someone rich is an display topic of situation irony constructed byDickens into the plot. Through character development and the narratorial perspective of the novel, we then see how Pip believes that this will allow him to escape his lower class and marry Estella from an upper class, perhaps at a time she would think twice about me. further this merely leads Pip to snobbery and a wasteful life, and we see how he eventually returns to his lower class. Pip had false expectations and allusions about class, and hence, Dickens has shown that money is not the solo barrier between classes, as Pip was for the most part unsuccessful in making the transition.As crime escalated in the nineteenth century the need for an improved legal system arose, however the justice system proved to be quite arbitrary. Those who fell into the arms of the law received little tenderness harsh retribution was the stock-in-trade of a perverse, tyrannical and unforgiving legal system. One of Pips first encounters in London, with the take care of justice is an example of symbolism, exceedingly dirty and partially drunk, indicative of the corruption of the legal system and the many injustices to come in Great Expectations.. An example of this injustice of the justice system in the novel can be through the character Jaggers who fixes up evidence to win cases.This is reflective of society at the time, where mess with more money could buy justice by hiring pricy lawyers such as Jaggers to manipulate the case for them. Nevertheless, it is interesting to note that Jaggers washe s his hands after every trial, which signifies his guilt of causing injustice. This can be viewed as a literary allusion to Lady Macbeth, where in the play Macbeth she tries to wash her hands clean of the blood that she spilt during murder, sense of touch a guilty conscience.Further corruption of the justice system can be seen through the capture of class. In Great Expectations, this is evident when Magwitch gets a harsher punishment than Compeyson for the same crime. In spite of this, a indispensable justice is served in the end as ironically, everyone who had committed a crime was duly dealt with, although they may have avoided it earlier. Orlick was captured and imprisoned after attempting to murder Pip, while Compeyson was drowned. This use of dramatic irony by Dickens emphasises the splendour of justice as a value at the time of the novel.Another important attitude at the time of Great Expectations was the growing difference between the city and country as a resolution of the onset of industrialisation. As the cities grew they were seen as exciting and dynamic, so many of the city dwellers looked down at the country. However Dickens caricatures city life as polluting, and full of corruption. This is achieved again mainly through focusing on Pips character development as he moves from the country to the city in the hope of becoming a gentleman. Towards the beginning Pip is depicted as innocent and untainted by city corruption, however as he grows up he becomes selfish and snobbish. The difference is clear the city. When Pip first arrives in London, the difference between city and country life is duly emphasised by Dickens through descriptive imagery and caricatures, filth and fat and blood and foam seemed to stick to me. The images of criminals being executed and the sickening smells of the decomposition meat in the markets that are described by Pip reflect the attitudes held towards the city by many of the people of the time, this was horrible, and gave me a sickening idea of London.Dickens has reflected many of the values and attitudes of the time in Great Expectations, with various stylistic techniques such as irony and characterisation assisting in emphasising their importance both in the story, and in society.

Exaggerated Global Warming Essay Example for Free

Exaggerated ball-shaped thawing Essay pla lettuceary melting is worldwidely experienced climaticalal phenomenon but the question is, is it really that serious? Global thaw has been a major issue as a result of industrialization as well as human progress since the past hardly a(prenominal) decades. The cry to bring spherical calefacient to an end has been carried on by private in access to international organizations since the initiative was first put forward. Global thawing continues as a result of destroy actors that negatively affect the climate. There are numerous sources that give details some the cases and kernels of planetary heating plant. Each and every living organism has been negatively affected by the current planetary melt. This news report will evaluate various sources in order to demonstrate the dangers of global heating. Introduction Gupta asserts that global heating is primarily a qualify in the climatic conditions of the earth (p, 4). The se climatic conditions differ as a result of various reasons both internal and external. Changes to climatic conditions and thus global warming can occur as a result of natural, for example volcanic emissions and solar activity, or man-made circumstances, such as deforestation.The issue concerning global warming in the United States has in the past few geezerhood generated heated up debates in the policy-making arena. The former U. S. Vice President, Al Gore, an anti-global warming crusader, through the U. S. National Assessment of Global thawing as pointed out by Harmon, convinced a lot of people that global warming manifest an evident and current danger to the United States (p, 29). However, Al Gores report was termed as a misrepresentation claiming that it portrayed deliberate scientific deceit for the purpose of political agenda (Johnston para, 7). legion(predicate) people, according to Johnston, claim that Al Gore failed the impetus for climatic change and that his negligen ce resulted in an unreplaceable harm to the climate (para, 8). All in all Al Gore notes that global warming is an raise danger currently facing the United States and the world at large. Gore asserts that left uncontrolled, global warming will tremendously affect the future of humankind (Harmon p, 36). Exaggerated Global Warming Global warming occurs as a result of a combination of numerous factors.The solar variation theory, according to DSilva, states that the suns postal code has been increasing day by day over the past sixty or so years (para, 1). This theory states that the sun whitethorn now be acting as a major cause of global warming. Studies, as illustrated by DSilva, have revealed that the amount of sunspots in a particular area flat affects the amount of time taken by the nearby earth to cool (para, 1). The sun acts as the principal(prenominal) source of energy to the earth. The earth takes in a very large percent of the earths solar flax.As a result of this flax, the earth, land, and oceans atmospheric temperatures adjoin drastically (Sinha p, 89). orbital forcing, as Sinha states, is the new(prenominal) factor believed to be a natural cause of global warming (p, 90). The obtuse tilting of the axis of the earth is in addition believed to have some negative do on the climate. This tilting causes the sun to be positioned at different angles than normal, thereby causing it to hit the icebergs. The most significant cause of global warming is the greenhouse effect (Sinha p, 91).Green house effect is the increase in earths muster temperature as a result of infrared radiation from the atmosphere. Green house effect has led to an in crease in the atmospheric temperature by to the highest degree 24%. Increase in carbon dioxide is the master(prenominal) factor that results in greenhouse effect (Gupta p, 8). Methane is the other gas that is linked to global warming. The other factor that may lead to global warming is solar variations these are the changes that occur in the quantity of effulgent energy emitted by the sun. Rapid industrialization is the other factor, in increase to natural causes, that result in an increase in global warming presently.Global warming is believed to have first been experienced about 8,000 years ago with the start of agriculture (Maslin p, 40). Forests were cleared, a factor that increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Industrialization is believed to increase the release of gases, including carbon dioxide and methane, which lead to global warming to the atmosphere. Forests are cleared in order to establish industries. Cutting down of trees results in an increase in the amount of carbon in the atmosphere as trees contain a very high quantity of carbon.Burning of fuel fossils is the other humankind activity that increases the amount of carbon dioxide in the gentle wind and, thus an increase in global warming. Over the past two decades the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosph ere that results in global warming has increased by about 80% (DSilva para, 5). Although global warming is believed to cause numerous negative environmental effects, it is hard to link specific conditions to global warming. It is also hard to tell whether the link between the global warming and the tremendous global effects attributed to it are true.The former vice president of the United States, Al Gore, was highly criticized for publishing work that many claimed over exaggerated the effects of global warming for political gains (Harmon p, 41). However, the effects of global warming are dangerous and real. The two major effects of global warming are increase in the atmospheric temperature by approximately 3 to 5 C, and the rise of ocean level by about 25 meters (Roleff p, 54). Increase in global temperatures result in a wide range of changes including rise in sea levels as a result of thermal intricacy of the ocean, along with melting of the land ice.The numbers as well as the pat terns of climatic phenomenon predictions are ever-changing at a very high rate as a result of global warming (Maslin p, 45). The total power of hurricanes has increased as a result of global warming this is out-of-pocket to the increase in their average intensity and duration. Extreme changes in temperature and patterns of prediction increase the frequency, duration, and magnitude of other climatic events such as floods, tornadoes, heat waves as well as draughts (Roleff p, 68). Hurricanes as well as other storms are likely to set about more and more intense if the current rate of global warming is not checked (Gupta p, 16).Global warming leads to a drastic reduction in bucolic production. It also leads to glacial retreat, lesser summer street flows, and extinction of certain species. Some species are touching from regions experiencing adverse effects of global warming to cooler regions. This if left unchecked will result in tremendous changes in the ecosystems. Global warming is also believed to cause diseases, which had been eradicated in certain places, to return with foul consequences (Schneider p, 57). On average, precipitation has increased across the world.Schneider notes that the amount of fresh water drastically reduces with increase in global warming (p, 75). This leaves a lot of people as well as animals which rely on it for drinking water and power production without a source. Scientists predict that heat waves, hot extremes in step-up to heavy precipitation will become a common phenomenon (Roleff p, 51). Scientists argue that the sea will become more acidic as a result of taking up more carbon dioxide (Schneider p, 79). Global warming, as asserted by Kriengsak, causes devastating economic effects to the U.S. as well as the full world (para, 1). Kriengsak argues that tornadoes and hurricanes in addition to other storms result in bullions of dollars in damage, disease and control of conflicts that may arise (para, 4). Global warming, according to Roleff, is also believed to be the major cause of extreme cold abide that has recently afflicted the eastern and southern regions of the United States (p, 87). This is believed to be as a result of movement of cold polar air masses to the southern regions. Global warming is also attributed to heavy puff falls.This is due to the fact that higher(prenominal) temperatures results in more evaporation of water in addition to higher humidity content in the atmosphere, and therefore to heavier snows incase the warm, humid air comes across cold air masses moving to the southern regions from the polar regions. The real exaggeration of global warming as a result of man-made related factors must be somehow greater than a factor of two, due to the fact that most of the rise in atmospheric temperature occurred before 1940, but carbon dioxide in addition to other green house gases entered the atmosphere after 1940 (Maslin p, 65).This may lead to a conclusion that the effect of green house can only be accountable for only a few proportions of the observe rise in temperature. Exaggeration of global warming for the last few years, as argued by Maslin, is classical as it acts as a resource of the forecasts of a devastating global warming in the contiguous century (p, 112). Conclusion It can therefore be concluded that global warming, which is primarily a change in the climatic conditions of the earth, is a real danger to not only the united states, but also to the rest of the world.Private as well as international organizations have been in the forefront in the fight against global warming. The former vice president of the U. S, Al Gore, though was highly criticized, clearly illustrated the effects of global warming to humankind. The two major effects of global warming are increase in the atmospheric temperature by approximately 3 to 5 C, and the rise of sea level by about 25 meters. Global warming has also resulted in an increase in the total power of hurricanes due to the increase in their average intensity and duration. Global warming leads to a drastic reduction in agricultural production.Global warming causes devastating economic effects to the U. S. as well as the self-colored world. It also leads to glacial retreat, lesser summer street flows, and extinction of certain species. Work Cited DSilva, Roy. What Causes Global Warming? N. d. viewed on May 4, 2010 from http//www. buzzle. com/articles/what-causes-global-warming. html Gupta, KR. Global Warming, ISBN 8126908815 Atlantic Publishers Distributors, 2008 Johnston, Robert. Falsehoods in Gores An Inconvenient Truth, 2006 viewed on May 4, 2010 from http//www. johnstonsarchive. net/environment/gore. html Kriengsak, Global Warming The Economic Risk Factor, n.d. viewed on May 4, 2010 from http//blog. nationmultimedia. com/print. php? id=1693 Maslin, Mark. Global Warming Causes, Effects, and the Future, ISBN0760329656 Voyageur Press, 2007 Roleff, Tamara. Barbour, Scott. and Swisher, Karin. Gl obal warming opposing viewpoints, ISBN 1565105125 Greenhaven Press, 1997 Schneider, Stephen. Global warming are we entering the greenhouse century? ISBN 0718828151 crowd together Clarke Co. , 1990 Sinha, PC. Global Warming, ISBN 817488954X Anmol Publications PVT. LTD. , 1998 Harmon, Daniel. Al Gore and Global Warming, ISBN 1404217614 The Rosen Publishing Group, 2008

High School Cliques and School Violence Essay Example for Free

High School Cliques and School frenzy EssayThere is an overabundant amount of cliques in high naturalizes throughout the United States. Many teenagers view the only substance to be recognized is to be affiliated with the popular crowd. There are some(prenominal) factors that bring about cliques in high schools. roughly are based on wealth, style, and race. But in some cases there are cliques that are a combination of these elements. Socioeconomic status is often a big factor in joining cliques. Realistic completelyy, wealthy and the poor do not go move on and hand. The children of wealthy homes often degrade people that are poverty struck.Cliques divide people through row distinction. If you are not rich, you cannot have the latest fashions or be able to spend money as freely as others on things, much(prenominal) as, a tenth pair of Nikes. Fashion is another vast aspect of high school cliques. Nearly every high school girl dresses like a supermodel. They purchase tight fitting jeans with oversized belts and a matching shirt from stores like Abercrombie and Fitch, Guess, and American Eagle. non to mention all the matching jewelry or bling. Boys, too, are caught in a similar trap.They alike dress to impress when purchasing a polo shirt or baggy jeans from Polo, Gap, or Structure. The media influences all of these styles. Magazines, tv set shows, and especially MTV, influence teens on style. For example, a popular television show like, The Hills, advertises high end tog by having all their actors model their clothing. Cliques are also formed by race. Far too galore(postnominal) times people exclude others because of their ethnicity. I realize that people tend to have more in common with people of similar heritage.However, this is no reason to exclude other nationalities. People should try to foil this by having diverse backgrounds within a specific group. For example a group can represent of Whites, Blacks, Asians, and Latinos instead of one nationality. This way, new things can be learned from other cultures and backgrounds. Cliques dominate the high school scene across the United States. There is a range of cliques in every high school. Some of these range from cliques of fashion to groups of privilege. Any clique can leave demoralizing imprints on a soulfulness who does not fit in.These imprints have led to countless incidents of school violence ranging anywhere from physical fights to arduous to blow up an entire school with faculty and students inside or even mass shootings, such as the case that occurred at Columbine High School. Violence in schools needs to stop. Too many innocent people are being hurt and even killed in some cases. One way to stop the violence is to regulate cliques. A simple way to do this is try to make all students interact with one another despite their differences in wealth, fashion, and attitude. This will show the students who normally fit in what it feels like to be an outsider.

White people Essay Example for Free

White people EssayUse the following as a guide. The test c every sends chapters 1-3 plus any supplementary terms or documentaries that were required. This is only a guide. retrieve that since this is an open book test, ANY question pertaining to the ascertainings could show up. Be for sure to guide read thoroughly before beginning the test. Please n adept that starred items could be included as possible poor essays (requiring a 1-2 paragraph response). I besides suggest that you go over the discussions as well. Questions pertaining to ideas in the discussions whitethorn be included. Chapter 1Minority free radical a subordinate congregation whose members deem signifi earth-clo qualifytly slight control or power over their own lives than do the members of a dominant or volume group. The five characteristics of a minority or subordinate group atomic number 18 un ad juncture contendment, distinguishing physical or cultural traits, involuntary membership, awargonnes s of subordination, and in-group marriage. *Racial and pagan groupsWhy the mark? A racial group is a group that is fondly set apart beca affair of obvious physical differences. Each decree prep bes what would be considered the obvious physical differences.We know for certain one of the approximately obvious is skin gloss. Here in our country, we basic exclusivelyy use dusky and white as the color distinction. Other countries use a divergent distinction because, for lawsuit, in one destination, most respective(prenominal)s may be several(predicate)iateified as black that they may be various shades of black which is where the racial difference occurs. In the US, numerous small clusters of individuals are categorized as ethnic area which holds a specific ethnic group. For example, S verbotenh Brunswick has a gravid Indian population which is to say, Indians tell on up a large ethnic group within the township.New Brunswick could be nigh other(a) example as the re is a large community of Hispanics within the town. Whereas the term racial group is primarily used to discuss minorities, the term ethnic group is used to discuss a group of individuals of the alike(p) course. Also, racial groups are defined by their physical differences and ethnic groups are defined by their cultures. Using these definitions there is clearly a distinction betwixt the two terms. Why this distinction exists is probably so that society kitty categorize the individuals they are discussing.What is in-chief(postnominal) is that racial groups are inherently who a person is so although it may be mystic or modifyd at times based on the individual, a persons melt is who they are. In contrast, an ethnic group can be a group of racial similar people or even religiously similar. So around(a)times, an ethnic group can be chosen. *WEB DuBois The problem of the color line and double consciousness W. E. B. DuBois was an African American sociologist who received a doctor ate degree from Harvard and is considered the introductory black individual to do so.From our text we learn that he was instrumental in the organization of the NAACP which is a prominent organization designed to support the black individuals of society. (Schaefer pg 8). DuBois played a large role in opening up opinions to the disparities and discriminations of the black individuals of our society. Dubois says so concrete eloquently, Let non color or race be a feature of distinction betwixt White and Black men, irrespective of worth or ability, (Schaefer pg 9). When DuBois speaks of color line, he is discussing the differences of races in regards to their color and other physical characteristics.From what I can interpret, DuBois may hurl developed the term double consciousness when referring to how people see themselves through others eyes. Also, what they see is how they footmark their self worth in the grand scheme of society. * Does go Matter? (p. 10 begin) and the social formulation of race Our text answers this question by saying, No, nevertheless because so many people urinate for so long acted as if difference in physical characteristics as well as geographic production line and shared culture do matter, distinct groups build been created in peoples minds. (Schaefer pg 10). tender spin is a sociological term used to describe what opinions society bureaus on particular subjects. In this case, the social renderion of race refers to non what a persons race is but how society perceives the races. Race is a social construction, and this process benefits the oppressor, who defines who is privileged and who is not, (Schaefer pg 12). Basically, we all know there are numerous races that gather in up our culture but what determines which is the dominate race? It is argued that people in power make those determinations so they are telling everyone which race is superior to the other.Because of these opinions and social construction, yes, race is important. Race could be the difference between success and failure. Our society has not evolved enough to treat all races equally even though our forefathers mulish that we all are equal. *Although we learn in grade school to salute the merits of living in the immense melting circumstances, true cultural pluralism has al shipway been more of an ideal than a veracityIn the U. S. and globally. apologize why by identifying and giving examples of the following patterns of intergroup contact genocide, expulsion, secession, segregation, amalgamation, assimilation, and pluralism.Pluralism implies that various groups in a society have mutual admiration for one some others culture, a respect that allows minorities to express their own culture without suffering prejudice or discrimination, (Schaefer pg 25). Our text describes this term as an ideal meaning that it is something our society hopes to be able to practice amongst all individuals. However, it is quick to note that it should be more like a reality in the sense that it is something that society is obligated to believe in, (Schaefer pg 26).It can definitely be seen as a conflict within society as individuals may be forced to make opinions based on what is right versus what they may have been taught to believe all their lives. The US is truly a melting pot meaning a society with a variety of cultures and races that make up the whole. Because of this, we have an obligation to respect every different culture as well as every race. Social construction tends to make this a difficult goal to obtain but there are many organizations in place which try to make these gaps smaller. in that respect are many advantages to integrating one culture into another. For example, in my hometown, many of us love to eat sushi. With the uprising of this wonderful food choice, those that are not Asiatic have been able to dive into the culture through a wonderful eating experience. some other example could be many of the course s dourered here at Rutgers. There are courses in Russian literature and Chinese select for example. I would imagine that a large portion of the participants may have some cultural interestingness but there are many that mete out these types of classes entirely to brouteen their own experiences.These types of classes could help in making the gap smaller between cultures and could help to improve cultural pluralism. Chapter 2 Ethnocentrism or the lean to assume that ones culture and way of behavior are superior to all others. This is a form of prejudice and would result in discrimination. Our text describes this (pg34) as a motivating factor tail end some criminal acts. *Prejudice and Discrimination Prejudice is a negative attitude toward an entire category of people. For example, the Klu Klux Klan who we were assailable to in the CP Ellis story was extremely prejudice against blacks.Another example would be Nazi germany and Hitlers prejudice again jewish people. Showing bo th of these examples as well as give us a brass at some of the most horrendous hate crimes in human history. Discrimination is the denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups because of prejudice or for other arbitrary reasons. Whereas prejudice is an attitude, discrimination is an action. For example, if mortal says they dont like a person because they are black, that is prejudice. If that same person refuses to allow the black individual into their restaurant, that is discrimination.Our society has had some severe cases of both of these and we are still struggling to overcome some of the cruelties of the past. Unfortunately, these actions didnt die off in the past, I think they have just have less obvious. Merton and LaPiere Studies Robert Merton showed that prejudice and discrimination are related to each other but are not the same. He gives 4 types of people when discussing this contend and they are, unprejudiced nondiscriminatory (all weather libera l), unprejudiced discriminator (reluctant liberal), prejudiced nondiscriminatory (timid bigot), and prejudiced discriminator (all weather bigot), (Schaefer pg 36).I can immediately tell from the descriptions that the final one would be the most severe because the implications to the term show that this individual is always in a mode that is highly discriminatory. I would agree with these categories mostly based on personal observations and knowing some people that do have tendencies to be discriminatory. Mertons is saying that not all individuals personal opinions and attitudes toward other should be construed as negative behavior as well. The LaPiere study was rough half a century ago and exposed the dealingship between racial attitudes and social conduct, (Schaefer pg 37).What LaPiere did was incite with a Chinese couple and observes if the racial attitudes he expected or were historically evident in reality occurred. His conclusion was that it wasnt apparent all the time. Thi s could show that people tend to be polite in person but what they say or do in private is another situation. *Theories of prejudice Scapegoating theory, autocratic Personality, Exploitation theory, Normative approach Scapegoating says that prejudiced people believe they are societys victims. They goddamn what bad things happen to them or other misfortunes on people of a different race.Again, the CP Ellis story we read later our lessons was a perfect example. CP Ellis matt-up he was given a very challenging life and has suffered not only with personal troubles but besides money issues. He wanted to blame someone and his association with his father and the Klan made it easy for him to blame the blacks. Authoritarian Personality is a psychological construct of a personality type likely to be prejudiced and to use others as scapegoats, (Schaefer pg 39). So, using the same previous example, it could be said the CP Ellis suffers from authoritarian personality because his actions of using the blacks as scapegoats.Exploitation theory is, a Marxist theory that views racial subordination in the US as a manifestation of the class dust inherent in capitalism, (Schaefer pg 39). It is to say that in the jungle there is a food chain, the lion eats the rabbit that eats the mice, etc. Within current society, it is expected that there are different classes of individuals and some who will say this is a necessary part of life. It is unfortunate that sometimes this class system reflects on a specific racial group. The normative approach is, the view that prejudice is influenced by societal norms and situations that encourage or discourage the tolerance of minorities, (Schaefer pg 40).This is a very important fancy because it shows that a jam of the actions and opinions of people that are discriminatory get that way because they are taught that or they grow up in an atmosphere of prejudice. Again, CP Ellis grew up with a Klan father so it was only natural that he develop ed some of these tendencies as well. What is even more significant is being able to recognize all these theories and to combat their human beings with discipline. Some individuals may be beyond help but many can learn to change given the right education.Stereotypes and Racial Profiling Stereotypes are unreliable generalizations or so all members of a group that do not take individual differences into account. For example, Hitler did not care how much or little Judaic heritage an individual had when he systematically exterminated millions, he only cared that a drop of Judaic cable ran through their veins. He didnt care about the persons contributions to society or their intelligence. Part of this purpose of stereotyping is a term called racial profiling which is any arbitrary police initiated action based on race, ethnicity, or natural origin rather than a persons belief.We see many news reports about this very subject where police use unnecessary force or violence just beca use of a persons race. A post racial era? nonracist racism Color-blind racism refers to the use of race-neutral principles to defend the racially unequal place quo. One example the book gives is how Asians are rarely used in feature films except where martial arts is also highlighted. Postracialism is a common theme and is another tem used to describe color-blind racism. Other terms are laissez-faire and aversive racism.*Reducing prejudice (p. 48 begin) The question remains after all these discussions, can prejudice be reduced? Our text suggests many different ways in which it is possible to treat and educate those who practice prejudicial attitudes. For example, education, mass media, avoidance versus friendship, and corporate response (diversity training).The education portion of diminution prejudice would be in the form of programs and conferences designed at teaching people what to look for, ways to combat the situations and additional training that could be passed on.For ex ample, we viewed the video about Jane Eliotts school. Her program with small children appears to be groundbreaking and based on the follow up with the students years later, also successful. Another important tool is mass media. For example, in my previous women study classes I was exposed to the way the media shows women. There are a excessive amount of commercials featuring women as the cook, cleaner, and childcare provider however very expressage showing a man in the same roles.There have been advances however and our text discusses one such TV show called The Cosbys which had a huge television audience which included all races, not just black as all the characters on the show were, (Schaefer pg 49). The next area is avoidance versus friendship. This discusses the social distance scale by Robert Park and Ernest Burgess which asks people how willing they would be to act with various racial and ethnic groups in specified social situations, (Schaefer pg 51). The importance of this study is to show the patterns that become evident in particular within the White American and Europeans.This is an example of the Social Distance Scale. There was another scale mentioned called the Equal Status Contact which produces, intergroup contact between people of equal status in harmonious circumstances will cause them to become less prejudiced and to abandon previously held stereotypes, (Schaefer pgs 51-52). Therefore, by incorporating more fun and interesting activities that are not racially motivated, the pattern of prejudice could be knowledgeable to be reduced. What do you think about Jane Eliotts efforts at reducing prejudice (presented in the docudrama A Class Divided)?What are the strengths and weaknesses of her methods? What else might you suggest? Jane Elliotts efforts in the documentary we watched for class should be applauded. It was interesting to note that the town where Jane failed as a teacher was primarily white Christian and to this day, that status ha snt changed much. However, Jane continues to give her lesson on prejudice and it appears to be particularly helpful. When the students of one class were interviewed years later after watching themselves in the documentary, it was fascinating to see how activated they were. nonetheless years later, the lesson was felt very deeply. The strengths would be the instant feelings of rejection on the children. moreover the weakness could be that they may recognize it is not a real situation. Also, if the lessons taught are not encouraged at home or within their community, it may not make a difference. Although starting young is particularly important, I would propose all family members be exposed to the lesson. The documentary mentioned how the concepts used were taken into the work force within a conference type atmosphere.Although adults do react the same, I personally do not see the impact as much as I did with the small children. That may be because as we get older, we get tougher in our emotions and it could be hard to break old habits. Chapter 3 *Total discrimination Discrimination is the denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups because of prejudice or for other arbitrary reasons, (Schaefer pg 61). I think in the US we recognize that there is discrimination but many choose to believe that they are incapable of it or that it is not as horrible as people may make it out to be.Total discrimination is a more recent concept which is, current discrimination operating in the labor market and past discrimination, (Schaefer pg 62). It is saying that because of particular items in a persons past like education and social status, individuals are discriminated against in the work place. That discrimination can show itself in such areas as hiring, advancement and even pay scales. It is not something that is randomly made up but an actual occurrence. For example, someone who was not provided a decent education because of their social status or et hnic group would have difficulty line uping advanced employment.In current day, employers wont even look at a person unless they have a full four year degree or higher. Many individuals just arent able to take advantage of that type of education. Hate Crimes when a victim is selected because of certain characteristics such as race, ethnicity, religion or sexual orientation. We see numerous hate crimes in the news almost daily. The Rutgers campus recently became a focal point of a perceived hate crime when Tyler Clementi, a student at Rutgers, committed self-destruction after his roommates posted him in gay videos.*Institutional discrimination (Why is institutional discrimination considered more important than the everyday discrimination of individuals? ) This form of discrimination is the denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups that result from the normal operations of society, (Schaefer pg 65). This is particularly important because it goes to the roo t of functioning as an average human being within society. One example mentioned is that IQ tests are geared towards middle class white American children therefore any other child taking the test would be at a disadvantage before even respond the questions.If everyone starts out on an even playing field and then points are taken away for items that cannot be mastered, then society may be working towards treating every individual equally. But this isnt the case. When a hard working Hispanic man who has been in his employment for 20 years is denied credit or needs additional collateral when compared to a hard working white man, this type of discrimination is insupportable because it comes from a persons perception not from what abilities they may or may not have. beat discrimination (p.66 begin) There are many ways in which society measures discrimination. For example, economics is probably the most prevalent as it is the easiest to examine and study. The chart in our text shows th at median incomes vary quite a bit depending on a persons race, ethnicity and even gender. What is particularly interesting to me, but not surprising, is that white American males do not hold the highest title any longer. This now goes to the group of Asian American men within society. Although the salaries are higher, the statistics havent changed much.Hispanics and Native Americans still fall on the lowest end of the economic tier. *Civil Rights constitute of 1964 Prohibited discrimination in public accommodations such as hotels, motels, restaurants, gas stations and amusement parks. Publicly owned facilities such as parks, stadiums and swimming pools also prohibited from acute. Also forbade discrimination in all federally supported programs and institutions such as hospitals, colleges and road construction projects. Since then there have been numerous amendments because as times change, so does the need for the Act to change. (pg 69)Redlining African Americans, Latinos, and o ther fall victim to redlining or the pattern of discrimination against people trying to deal homes in minority and racially changing neighborhoods. *Why does the text author make the distinction between income and wealth? Income refers to salaries and wages, and wealth is a more inclusive term that encompasses all of a persons material assets including land, stocks and other types of property, (Schaefer pg 71). I feel the main reason for the distinction is because many individuals of specific ethnic groups cannot obtain property, sometimes even regardless of the income they make.Because of this, for some individuals, wealth may not be a possibility. *Environmental justice Refers to the efforts to ensure that hazardous substances are controlled so that all communities receive protection regardless of race or socioeconomic circumstance. (Schaefer pg 72-73). Affirmative action Affirmative action is the positive effort to promote subordinate-group members, including women, for jobs, furtherances, and educational opportunities. (Schaefer pg 73). It was a phrased coined by President John F.Kennedy calling all to the cause of making sure that applicants were treated properly and fairly during all stages of the interview through employment process. Reverse discrimination is an emotional term because it conjures up the notion that somehow women and minorities will subject white men in the US to the same treatment received by minorities during the last three centuries. (Schaefer pg 76) Glass Ceiling Refers to the barrier that blocks the promotion of a qualified worker because of gender or minority membership. (Schaefer pg 78). *Be able to discuss the article on CP Ellis..What led to his involvement in the Klan and what led to his denunciation of it? What factors led to the change? What made CP Ellis join the Klan? What made him change? Why is this relevant today? Does CPs account support any of the theories we have read about in this section (for example, scapegoa t theory on page 38 of our schoolbook or the contact hypothesis on page 51)? What role does the economy play in establishment intergroup relations? (You can speculate on this last one) The story of CP Ellis was particularly interesting because of the organic evolution his life took.I think there were many reasons that guided CP Ellis into the paths he choose in life. For example, he had a rough upbringing and then when he was married and had his own children, he suffered a mount as well. It appears his life was a constant struggle to survive while he worked extremely hard to support his family. The moment that the Klan came into his life was when he was at his service station observing Klan members. They would come in talking once a week and they approached him to join the group with them.He was immediately interested because he felt his current struggles needed to be blamed on someone and who better, in his opinion, then the black people. This came natural to him because he was familiar with the Klan from his father. I feel that his attitudes began to change when he started to notice that the government was discriminating against all people, not just blacks. He started to understand what those in power were doing to every citizen and it was a real eye opener. One of the theories we discussed during this section is called scapegoat theory.Scapegoating theory says that prejudiced people believe they are societys victims, (Schaefer pg 38). I can definitely see the correlation between this theory and CP Ellis feelings towards black people. He needed to blame someone for his troubles and the hard times he was experiencing so he selected the group of individuals that he had grown up feeling negatively against. The root meaning of scapegoating is that it is more convenient to blame another individual then to take responsibility for a persons own short comings.Intergroup relations are how we look at ourselves and how we look at others and the way that different gr oups interact with each other within society. I feel that the economy plays a huge role in intergroup relations because some races and ethnic groups are not only defined by the color of their skin but also by their social class. Intergroup relations focus on the comparisons of groups based on many aspects including economic ones. Even as an outsider speculating on this subject, it is easy to see that under many circumstances, black individuals are stereotypically place in a different economic level than many white individuals are.It is some of these types of opinions that historically have caused animosity amongst difference ethnic groups. Unit 9 Week 3 Some notes on the Social Construction of Race Notes on The One-Drop-Rule and the Social Construction of Race 2/4/2013 Eleanor LaPointe (Note that many of the ideas downstairs were presented by you in Discussion B last week. This is a synopsis with perhaps a some additional ideas. ) The idea of race does not come from biology. It started in Europe as Europeans moved out across the world and found that they needed a way to control people as they took over their land or en buckle downd or exterminated them.The invention of scientific racism was one of the most in effect(p) weapons devised to conquer and subjugate. Carolus Linnaeus was a botanist in the 1700s (from Norway, I believe). He is credited with the first scientific mixture of humans into groups now called races. He wanted to classify humans in the same way that clams, flowers, and insects were classified. But, he wasnt just an objective nonpartisan scientist. He classified in a particular wayone that put his group on top and all others below. The result was the beginnings of a scientifically-backed hierarchical ordering of people.It should be mentioned that even during Linnaeuss time, the ideas he put forth were highly contested. That is, not everyone agreed. In fact many disagreed, including scientists like the German physiologist Blumenbach who f elt that no real differences existed between people and that any visible differences were superficial. However, Linnaeuss ideas were more successfully incorporated into fashionable ideologies (or mythologies) because they supported the dominate group need to justify growing inequalities at the time. That is, the idea of race allowed oppressors to define who was privileged and who was not.Since this time, how humans have been categorized has changed a lot and there is much variation from place to place. How a Race is defined at any given time depends on an arbitrary set of features chosen to suit the labelers purposes or biases or both. A good example is how U. S. laws concerning the definition of race have been used. Early on in the U. S. the question became How to define or draw the line? This is an ongoing question. But in any case, from state to state, there was very little consistency in terms of how race would be defined. Some segregation-era artifacts includeMissouri 1/8 or m ore Negro blood was the criterion. Georgia The term white person shall include only persons of the white race, who have no ascertainable trace of either Negro, African, Western Indian, Asiatic Indian, Mongolian, Japanese or Chinese blood in their veins. Virginia Had a similar law but with exceptions. A person could have a little Indian or African blood. Arent these old laws though Actually, some are still on the books and have been upheld as recently as 1982. Louisiana is a good example. In this state, the 1/32 law was actually created in 1971 (prior to this, a persons race classification was less formal).On September of 1982, Susie Phipps obtained her birth certificate and was surprised to find that it listed her as black. At the age of 49, she had always thought she was white She brought the matter to court and requested it be changed, but the state/court objected after being shown an 11-generation family tree with ancestors who included an early eighteenth-century black slave a nd a white plantation owner. The court claimed that she was 3/32 blackenough to make her black under state law. What is interesting is that the state of Louisiana could have decided that this law was outdated law and of no use anymore, but it did notThe bottom line is that historically, as now, where black and white begins and ends depends on who is doing the defining and for what purpose. Moreover, if you are raised in the U. S. , it is nearly impossible to escape the fix that race has on how we think about ourselves and others. No matter how it is used these days, it is important to keep in mind the origins of these ideas and institutionalized practices as a set of justifications in a hierarchical system allowing the privileged to reduce competition for valued resources. For ideas on the social construction of race in other countries, see chapter 16 in our text.

Culture Day Topic Essay Example for Free

Culture Day Topic EssayHistory of Judo was created by Jigoro Kano. He was a highly educated man he was considered the founder of the modern Japanese education system. He cherished to preserve and combine the ancient martial traditions of Japan. One of the most important innovations was the emphasis of randori, or non-cooperative openhanded sparring practice. The majority was based on pre-arranged sequences of attack and defense known as kata. For several eld Kodokan Judo reigned supreme. Kudo was challenged by a man named Mataemon Tanabae. Maeda Mitsuyo Maeda became one of the greatest fighters in the history of Judo.Maeda retired without ever losing a fight. The Gracies, Maeda colonised in Brazil and created an academy of Jiu Jitsu. One of his students was Carlos Gracie. After studying for several years he assailable his own academy. He and Maeda created the Gracie Challenge, all challengers were welcome to compete in the challenge. The Gracie fighters were victorious aga inst all kinds of fighters from polar backgrounds. Several members of the Gracie family began to go to the US in the late 1980s. The Gracies and their particular brand of fighting has had a major impact on martial arts today.Brazilian Jiu Jitsu Brazilian Jiu Jitsu was very similar in some(prenominal) ways with to Judo and other systems of Japanese Jiu Jitsu. Judo was originally designed as a powerful system of self-defense. Brazilian Jiu Jitsu is divided into three categories self-defense, free fighting competition, and sport grappling. The fighting strategy of Brazilian Jiu Jitsu is to make a physically smaller or weaker person be able to defend from a larger or stronger attacker. When applying BJJ (Brazilian Jiu Jitsu) techniques leverage is key. As leverage is the secret to the most use of force.

Kant’s Categorical Imperative Essay Example for Free

Kants Categorical Imperative EssayThis paper tackles the categoric pressing possibleness of Immanuel Kant as well as its first and second formulations and how they apply to a particular case of infidelity. submission In his Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, Kant defines an peremptory as whatever proposition that declargons a certain action or inaction to be necessary and practical (Kant, 1993, p. 413). The vapid controlling is a type of clamant which states what integrity ought to do under certain circumstances and it implies the righteous requirement that we should act directly and unconditionally in order to achieve some block up or purpose (p. 417).In the Groundwork, Kant distinguishes between the hypothetical imperative and the categorical imperative. The hypothetical imperative states that if one wants to do A, then he should do B, or he may choose not to do B or even A (p. 414). On the separate hand, the categorical imperative requires that if one wants to do A, then he really ought to do B. It therefore follows that doing B is of an absolute necessity, is considered a moral duty, and is unconditional (p. 420). An Ethical event and the Action TakenThe plaza that is to be considered for the analysis is that of a novel man who has a young womanfriend and who once swore to love her and only her and not to cheat on her in whatever means especially by having flings with another girl. For many months he has kept this anticipate in order to make her happy and make the relationship work. However, one daytime this young man just happens to get to know one extremely beautiful young girl on Facebook, a girl who is more beautiful than his own girlfriend judging from the same standards. later on a few secret exchanges of messages on the same social networking site, the young man meets up with her without obese anyone and they have a date that ended up in a sexual encounter. Evaluation of the Situation Based on the First Formulation For any imperative to be a categorical imperative or a truthful moral proposition, Kant proposes that this imperative should possess universality. This performer that it must not touch itself with the particular physical details and circumstances surrounding the present situation, including the seemingly most pressing instinctual of necessity of the individual on which the ethical situation is focused.Kant therefore states that there is only one categorical imperative and it is this Act only according to that maxim whereby you can at the same time will that it should turn a universal law (p. 421). In the situation, the young man clearly does not obey the categorical imperative when he decides to exchange messages with the girl on Facebook and later on meet up with her. If the young man made a promise of loyalty, then it is his moral duty to do so (p. 422).This intend that if the notion of promising to be faithful to ones lover and breaking it is universalized, then, based on the f irst formulation of the categorical imperative, there would be no promises at all and no much(prenominal) thing as honest oaths between lovers. The young man is therefore, according to Kant, never justified in the infidelity that he committed. Evaluation of the Situation Based on the Second Formulation Another feature film of the categorical imperative is that it should not only be a principle but that it should also be an end in itself, unlike a hypothetical imperative on which many human moral decisions are based.Thus, if a hypothetical imperative goes like, If you want to do A, you should do B, the categorical imperative should go like, Do B, for doing B is an end in itself and not a means to any other end like A. Kant therefore states, Act in such a way that you treat humanity continuously at the same time as an end and never merely as a means to an end (p. 428). In our situation, the young man, based on the second formulation, has clearly violated the categorical imperative and this violation lies in the young mans making an oath of faithfulness to his girlfriend in order to make her happy and to make the relationship work. accord to the second formulation, if you have made a promise in order to make someone happy and to make the relationship work, then you are not acting out of moral duty because if you are, then you will have made such a promise as an end in itself. The young man should have made the promise of loyalty just out of pure reverence for promise itself in exactly the same way as one decides to love not for the happiness of the other but for the sake of love itself. For Kant and the categorical imperative, true morality is doing ones moral duty without concerning himself with the results (p. 417).The young man in the situation tried to concern himself with the results. Owing to this, his promise was therefore not purely made and such a fact may have even been the reason behind his subsequent immoral act. Conclusion Kant teaches us that an action is genuine and moral not because it is based on reason as what the rationalists contend nor because it has good results as what the utilitarians say, but that it is done in obedience to an inner sense of duty the categorical imperative.According to this principle and based on the scenario presented, one should make a promise of love and keep it because the fulfillment of a promise is universal. One should also keep a promise of love not for any other reason such as the happiness of the other but for the sake of the promise itself, for true moral duty is self-sufficient and does not concern itself with results. References Kant, I. (1993). Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals. Translated by James W. Elington. 3rd ed. capital of Indiana Hackett Publishing Company, Inc. , 413-428.